At Japanese schools, career guidance has been criticized due to teachers placing too much emphasis on passing the entrance exam or getting a job offer. After career education started in 2004, because many teachers misunderstand 'career' means occupation, another problem has been pointed out that teachers place too much emphasis on only finding one's dream job without providing any instruction in means or methods to students. As a result, Japanese schools or teachers place low priority in assisting students in career development. In this study, we explain what type of assistance should be introduced for student career development and also argue how teachers can assist students in achieving 'social and vocational independence,' which is the goal of Japanese career education. Four educational psychologists carried out research in career decision making, time perspective, self-efficacy, and gender, respectively. In the final section, based on a discussion of the four researchers, suggestions are proposed for career guidance and career education in the future.
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