The ultimate goal of vital pulp therapy is to regenerate rapidly dentin possessing an excellent quality using a biocompatible, bioactive agent. Dentin phosphophoryn (DPP), the most abundant noncollagenous polyanionic protein in dentin, cross-linked to atelocollagen fibrils was applied to direct pulp capping in rats. After 1, 2, and 3 weeks, the teeth applied were examined on the induction of reparative dentin formation and the response of pulp tissue, compared to calcium hydroxide-based agent conventionally used. The reparative dentin formation induced by DPP/collagen composite was more rapid than by calcium hydroxide. In the morphometrical analysis, the formation rate of reparative dentin by DPP/collagen composite was approximately the same as that by calcium hydroxide at 3 weeks. Nevertheless, the compactness of reparative dentin formed by DPP/collagen composite was much superior to what resulted from calcium hydroxide. Also, DPP/collagen composite showed high covering ability of exposed pulp. Moreover, DPP/collagen composite led only to slight pulp inflammation at the beginning whereas calcium hydroxide formed necrotic layer adjacent to the material and induced severe inflammation in pulp tissue at 1 week. The present study demonstrates a potential for DPP/collagen composite as a rapid biocompatible inducer for the formation of reparative dentin of excellent quality in rats.
Dentin phosphophoryn (DPP) is a dentin sialophosphoprotein gene product that has an RGD motif and repeat sequences of aspartic acid and phosphoserine. To date, the function of DPP in the early stage of reparative dentin formation still remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of DPP on pulp cell migration and proliferation. DPP promoted cell migration in a concentration-dependent manner, thus increasing it by about 3-fold at 1000 ng/mL compared with the control, but it had no effect on cell proliferation. Dephosphorylated DPP also promoted cell migration, similarly to DPP. However, cell migration was significantly suppressed by the addition of alphavbeta3 integrin antibody to the medium. Furthermore, porcine DPP-derived RGD peptide, but not its mutant RAD peptide, significantly promoted cell migration. These results indicated that the RGD motif of DPP plays an important role in the migration of human dental pulp cells.
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