Treatment for 12 months with BAK-free travoprost after BAK-preserved latanoprost resulted in fewer ocular surface complications, as indicated by the reduced prevalence of SPK and decreased hyperemia, and no clinically relevant changes in IOP. BAK-free travoprost may have beneficial effects on the ocular surface while showing IOP-lowering efficacy comparable with BAK-preserved eye drops.
Aim-To clarify the incidence of choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) and predisposing findings for development of CNV in the second eye of Japanese patients with unilateral exudative age related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods-The second eyes of unilaterally aVected patients with exudative (neovascular) AMD treated in our clinic during the past 10 years (1988-97) were carefully followed up for more than a year. Evidence of CNV was confirmed by fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography. Macular lesions in patients, in whom CNV developed in the second eye, were retrospectively evaluated from patient records. Results-170 patients met the criteria. The average follow up period was 47 months (range 12-108 months). All patients were Japanese. CNV developed in the second eye in 12 (7%) of 170 patients, 30.3 months on average after the first examination. Cumulative incidence of developing CNV in the second eye using Kaplan-Meier life table analysis was: 0.6% by 1 year, 5.6% by 3 years, and 12.3% by 5 years, and was relatively low compared with that in white patients. CNV developed most frequently from serous pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in the macula (58%). Soft drusen were not prevalent and risk of developing CNV was not very high (18%). Conclusion-It was confirmed that there were some diVerences in the incidence and predisposing findings for CNV developing in AMD among Japanese and other Asian patients compared with those in white people. It is important to recognise these diVerences between the two populations to understand the pathogenesis and epidemiology of AMD. (Br J Ophthalmol 2000;84:1018-1023 Exudative (neovascular) age related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in elderly people in Western countries.1-4 Although, in Japanese as well as in other Asian people, the number of patients with exudative AMD is not as great as in Western people, the number of patients has been rapidly increasing recently and is now becoming one of the major causes of blindness in the elderly. Epidemiology and clinical features of exudative AMD have been well established in the United States and United Kingdom. In Japan, clinical manifestations of AMD have become clearer during the past 20 years.5 6 Following the increase in patients with AMD, we have recognised that Japanese patients show some diVerences from white patients with regard to epidemiological features and predisposing findings for the development of choroidal neovascularisation (CNV). In white people, soft drusen at the macula prevalent among elderly people, are commonly present in AMD, and these people show the highest risk for developing CNV. 1-4 7-17 In Japanese people, however, soft drusen are not as commonly seen among elderly people, or among patients with AMD but, rather, serous retinal pigment epithelial detachments (PED) are the most frequent predisposing lesions for developing CNV.5 18 These findings were also similar to those in other Asian patients. 19Many papers have reported a very high annual incidence of CNV in ...
dModE is the molybdate-sensing transcription regulator that controls the expression of genes related to molybdate homeostasis in Escherichia coli. ModE is activated by binding molybdate and acts as both an activator and a repressor. By genomic systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) screening and promoter reporter assays, we have identified a total of nine operons, including the hitherto identified modA, moaA, dmsA, and napF operons, of which six were activated by ModE and three were repressed. In addition, two promoters were newly identified and direct transcription of novel genes, referred to as morA and morB, located on antisense strands of yghW and torY, respectively. The morA gene encodes a short peptide, MorA, with an unusual initiation codon. Surprisingly, overexpression of the morA 5= untranslated region exhibited an inhibitory influence on colony formation of E. coli K-12.T he transition metal molybdenum is essential for life. In nature, molybdenum is present in various oxidation states and transported into organisms in the form of the tetraoxyanion molybdate. In the case of Escherichia coli, molybdate is transported through an ABC-type transport system encoded by the modABC operon (1). The expression of the modABC operon is repressed by the molybdate-bound ModE transcription factor (2). The ModE protein functions as a homodimer and consists of two domains, the N-terminal DNA-binding domain containing a winged helixturn-helix motif and the C-terminal molybdate-binding domain (3). Binding of molybdate to the C-terminal domain induces a conformational change of ModE so that it recognizes a palindromic sequence of its target promoters (4). In addition to repression of the molybdate transporter operon, the ModE-molybdate complex is involved in induction of three operons encoding molybdate-containing enzymes, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) reductase (dmsABC), nitrate reductase (napFDAGHBC), and molybdenum cofactor synthase (moaABCDE) (5-7). The three known ModE-inducing targets are all involved in molybdenum metabolism and utilization. Since bacteria contain more than 50 species of the molybdate-containing enzyme, the repertoire of regulation targets of ModE could include more than the already-characterized operons.In this study, attempts were made to identify the set of regulation targets of the E. coli ModE transcription factor. For this purpose, we employed the genetic systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) screening system, which was developed for identification of the set of regulation targets recognized by DNA-binding transcription factors and was successfully used for the search of regulation targets by AscG (8), AllR (9), CitB (10), Cra (11, 12), cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) (13), Dan (14), LeuO (15), NemA (16), PdhR (17), RcdA (18), PgrR (19), RstA (20), RutR (21), and TyrR (22). After the genomic SELEX screening, we identified at least 10 binding sites of the ModEmolybdate complex. Transcription in vivo of the predicted promoters located next to ...
An intravitreal injection of ornithine caused primary damage to the RPE, and subsequently some of the photoreceptor cells revealed apoptosis by TUNEL assay. These findings suggest the dysfunction of the RPE causes photoreceptor cell death according to the intrinsic program of an apoptotic mechanism.
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