dModE is the molybdate-sensing transcription regulator that controls the expression of genes related to molybdate homeostasis in Escherichia coli. ModE is activated by binding molybdate and acts as both an activator and a repressor. By genomic systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) screening and promoter reporter assays, we have identified a total of nine operons, including the hitherto identified modA, moaA, dmsA, and napF operons, of which six were activated by ModE and three were repressed. In addition, two promoters were newly identified and direct transcription of novel genes, referred to as morA and morB, located on antisense strands of yghW and torY, respectively. The morA gene encodes a short peptide, MorA, with an unusual initiation codon. Surprisingly, overexpression of the morA 5= untranslated region exhibited an inhibitory influence on colony formation of E. coli K-12.T he transition metal molybdenum is essential for life. In nature, molybdenum is present in various oxidation states and transported into organisms in the form of the tetraoxyanion molybdate. In the case of Escherichia coli, molybdate is transported through an ABC-type transport system encoded by the modABC operon (1). The expression of the modABC operon is repressed by the molybdate-bound ModE transcription factor (2). The ModE protein functions as a homodimer and consists of two domains, the N-terminal DNA-binding domain containing a winged helixturn-helix motif and the C-terminal molybdate-binding domain (3). Binding of molybdate to the C-terminal domain induces a conformational change of ModE so that it recognizes a palindromic sequence of its target promoters (4). In addition to repression of the molybdate transporter operon, the ModE-molybdate complex is involved in induction of three operons encoding molybdate-containing enzymes, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) reductase (dmsABC), nitrate reductase (napFDAGHBC), and molybdenum cofactor synthase (moaABCDE) (5-7). The three known ModE-inducing targets are all involved in molybdenum metabolism and utilization. Since bacteria contain more than 50 species of the molybdate-containing enzyme, the repertoire of regulation targets of ModE could include more than the already-characterized operons.In this study, attempts were made to identify the set of regulation targets of the E. coli ModE transcription factor. For this purpose, we employed the genetic systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) screening system, which was developed for identification of the set of regulation targets recognized by DNA-binding transcription factors and was successfully used for the search of regulation targets by AscG (8), AllR (9), CitB (10), Cra (11, 12), cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) (13), Dan (14), LeuO (15), NemA (16), PdhR (17), RcdA (18), PgrR (19), RstA (20), RutR (21), and TyrR (22). After the genomic SELEX screening, we identified at least 10 binding sites of the ModEmolybdate complex. Transcription in vivo of the predicted promoters located next to ...

Background The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for intensive nutritional intervention outcomes in elderly undernourished patients to help reduce the number of patients with prolonged hospital stay or without recuperation of previous activities of daily living and quality of life. Methods In total, 230 patients who received interventions from a nutrition support team (NST) between January 2016 and July 2018 were included. Patients were classified into two groups based on NST intervention outcomes: patients with improved nutritional status were included in the successful group, whereas those whose nutritional status did not improve, as defined by progressive illness or death, were classified into the non-successful group. We assessed patient characteristics, laboratory data, and nutrition support methods. Results Our multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that: 1) The presence of peripheral parenteral nutrition (hazard ratio (HR): 1.80; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13 - 2.88) was identified as an independent risk factor for NST intervention outcomes; 2) The energy fill rate to total energy expenditure was < 66.0% (HR: 1.61; 95% CI: 0.98 - 2.66); and 3) A geriatric nutritional risk index score < 70.0 (HR: 1.54; 95% CI: 0.92 - 2.56) tended to be negatively associated with NST intervention outcomes. Conclusions In addition to the nutrition therapy provided by a traditional NST, patients with the risk factors require nutritional intervention. Elderly individuals should also receive nutrition care because they have been recuperating at their home or in long-term care facilities, to prevent experiencing adverse conditions.

Objective: To identify predictors associated with success of a Nutrition Support Team (NST) for the elderly. Research methods and procedures:A total of 101 patients who received NST intervention in 2015 were divided into two groups by NST outcome. Patients who achieved therapeutic targets were classified in the success group. Patients who discontinued treatment because of worsening condition or death were classified in the non success group. We assessed patient characteristics, laboratory data, and nutritional support methods. Prior to this study, we retrospectively extracted NST outcome predictors for patients treated in 2014, and identified cutoff values of quantitative variables using receiver operating characteristic analysis. The extracted predictors were as follows: % total energy expenditure (66.0%), albumin (2.4 g/ dL), total lymphocyte count (1,195/µL), C-reactive protein level (2.00 mg/dL), transthyretin level (8.5 mg/dL), Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score (8), and the presence of Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition (PPN). We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the factors relevant to NST outcome. Results:We conducted the multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, the presence/absence of PPN, and CONUT. A CONUT score ≥ 8 was an independent risk factor for NST outcome (Odds Ratio [OR]: 3.72, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.26-10.95). Moreover, the presence of PPN tended to be associated with NST outcome (OR: 2.63, 95% CI: 0.96-7.20). Conclusion:To increase the success rate of NST for elderly, it is important to identify the elderly at risk of non success NST outcome.

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