The findings suggest that the method of bathing used in this study is safe and pain-relieving for terminal stage cancer patients. It is thus possible to provide safe and comfortable care for terminal stage cancer patients using mechanical baths.
Objective: To clarify the physical and psychological effects of head massage performed in the supine position using Ayurveda-based techniques (head treatment).Design: Twenty-four healthy female students were included in the study. Using a crossover study design, the same participants were enrolled in both the head treatment intervention group and control group. There was an interval of 1 week or more between measurements.Outcome measures: The physiologic indices measured included blood pressure and heart rate fluctuations (high frequency and low frequency/high frequency). The psychological markers measured included liveliness, depression, and boredom using the visual analogue scale method. State anxiety was measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory method.Results: The parasympathetic nerve activity increased immediately after head treatment. Upon completion of head treatment, the parasympathetic nerve predominance tended to gradually ease. Head treatment boosted freshness and relieved anxiety.Conclusions: The results suggest that head treatment has a relaxing and refreshing effect and may be used to provide comfort.
This paper deals with community-based approaches to a low-carbon society in the UK and aims to clarify the types of community-based approaches, the factors involved in goal attainment, the roles of actors and the positive and negative points of community-based approaches. We divide community-based approaches supported by government into two types. We focus on a multiple-targeted approach and examine the case of Muswell Hill in London. We observe that the approaches encourage change in people's behaviour and have an effect on promoting low carbon in homes and communities. These approaches use direct and intensive methods, and residents can be involved in several activities. Meanwhile, we point out that these activities are meaningless, if the low-carbon community activities are not continued and extended. In conclusion, we consider that this approach is significant in empowering communities instead of merely promoting lowcarbon activities.
This study focuses on the use of parks planned for the open space network system, called the "the Green Matrix System" in Kohoku New Town. The main purpose of the Green Matrix System is to connect parks, communal facilities, and apartment houses with pedestrian and bicycle roads. We investigated the actual condition of park use, with special focus on the combination of parks, and pedestrian and bicycle roads, and in particular their use by pre-school children. We determined the status of use through observational investigation and questionnaire surveys for two areas.The results were, first, that active use was observed by different users for each time period, and that "the extended-pass-type activities" and compound use were observed as a feature of the combination of parks, and pedestrian roads. Second, we conclude that a combination of parks and pedestrian roads strengthens the function of intercommunication and recreation in pass-type activities, and encourages a variety of active uses. On the other hand, it raises safety aspects because of the large amount of bicycles and the strangers passing through the parks, and also because of the numerous blind spots arising because of the plentiful greenery in greenways. There is a possibility that these safety problems could diminish use of the GMS by young children.
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