Control algorithms developed for autonomous and electric vehicles undergo limited trials because of the high cost of using actual vehicles. This study constructs a low-cost virtual environment for developing such control algorithms using open data and a game engine. Specifically, a large-scale three-dimensional urban road model with elevation differences is generated. This model is connected with hardware-in-the-loop simulations (HILS) as a vehicle running model to realize a practical system. This study reveals the need to automate the model development process in light of its high cost.
Corrosion fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) of 80kgf/mm2 grade high strength steel HT80 has been investigated in synthetic sea water under the open circuit, anodic and the various cathodic potentials at a frequency of 0.17Hz.The effect of cathodic potential on da/dN as a function of 4K or 4Keff was examined and the crack closure effect caused by corrosion reaction products within crack was discussed.The arrangement by the effective stress intensity factor range 4Keff, which was taken from the crack closure effect of white cathodic reaction deposits (a mixture of CaCO3, MgCO3 and Mg(OH)2), was useful to evaluate the influence of cathodic potential on the crack propagation.The daldN under the cathodic protection potential of -0.7-0.9V (Ag/AgCI) became smaller than that in open circuit, while cathodically polarized potential more negative than -1.0V gave rise to the large acceleration of crack growth rate due to hydrogen embrittlement.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.