Fish protein is a source of animal protein that is consumed worldwide. Although it has been reported that the intake of Alaska pollack protein (APP) reduces body fat accumulation and increases muscle weight in rats, the mechanisms underlying these effects are poorly understood. As a possibility, peptides released from APP in the gastrointestinal tract are important to the functions of APP. In the present study, we examined the effects of APP hydrolysate digested artificially with pepsin and pancreatin on white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. We found that APP hydrolysate group shows significantly lower weight of white adipose tissue and higher weight of soleus muscle than the control group. We also found that APP hydrolysate group reduces food intake and mRNA expressions of neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein in the hypothalamus compared with the control group. These results may imply that APP hydrolysate exhibits anti-obesity activity by the reduction of appetite and the enhancement of basal energy expenditure by skeletal muscle hypertrophy in rats. The downregulation of orexigenic gene by APP hydrolysate in the hypothalamus may contribute to the reduction of appetite. These results suggest that the effect of APP on anti-obesity and muscle hypertrophy may be induced by peptides released from APP in the gastrointestinal tract.Alaska pollack (Theragra chalcogramma) protein (APP), consumed worldwide is included in foods such as imitation crab, fish cakes, fish sausage, and so on. Recently, we reported that APP intake for 4 weeks enhanced basal energy expenditure by muscle hypertrophy and reduced serum triacylglycerol and body fat accumulation in rats (14). It also has been reported that APP decreases visceral fat accumulation, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperglycemia in animals and human (5,7,8,10,18,20). Since obesity and hypertriglyceridemia are related to coronary heart disease (2), the anti-obesity, muscle hypertrophy, and hypotriglyceridaemia with APP may be effective in the prevention. However, little is known about the active substances and the metabolism of fish protein. As a possibility, peptides released from APP in gastrointestinal tract may induce the anti-obesity, muscle hypertrophy, and hypotriglyceridaemia of APP.In the present study, we examined if fish protein hydrolysate digested artificially with pepsin and pancreatin affects white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle weights in rats, compared to the control. As a result, we found that APP hydrolysate exhibited anti-obesity and hypertrophy effects, suggesting that peptides or amino acids released from APP in the gastrointestinal tract have an important role to these
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