Recently, 1D halogen-bridged mixed-valence dinuclear metal complexes, so-called MMX chain compounds, have attracted significant attention as quasi-1D electronic systems characterized by strong electron ± phonon, electron ± electron, and magnetic interactions. Only two families of MMX chain compounds, namely [{A 4 [Pt 2 (pop) 4 X] ¥ n H 2 O} I ] (pop P 2 O 5 H 2 2À , A Li, K, Cs, NH 4 , X Cl, Br, I) [1] and [{M 2 (dta) 4 I} I ] (dta CH 3 CS 2 À , M Ni, Pt) [2] have been reported. These compounds are 1D chain systems based on a mixed-valence dinuclear unit with a formal oxidation number of 2.5 and a metal ± metal bond with a formal bond order of 1/2. An important feature of MMX chain compounds is the increase in internal degrees of freedom upon introducing a dinuclear unit in the mixed-valence state. This property enables a variety of electronic structures, represented by the extreme valence-ordering states shown in Figure 1. These valence-ordering structures would be classified based on the periodicity of the 1D chains as follows. The averaged valence (AV) and charge-polarization (CP) states, in which the periodicity of 1D chains is M-M-X-, correspond to a metallic state with an effective half-filled conduction band mainly composed of M ± Mds* ± Xp z -hybridized orbitals or to the Mott ± Hubbard semiconducting state. In contrast, the periodicity of 1D chains in the charge density wave (CDW) and alternate charge-polarization (ACP) states is doubled, and these electronic structures are regarded as Peierls and spin-Peierls states, [3] respectively.Kitagawa et al. have reported that [{Pt 2 (dta) 4 I} I ] exhibits metallic conducting behavior above 300 K in an AV state. [2d] On the results of a 129 I Mˆssbauer spectroscopic study, the valence-ordering structure of this compound at temperatures assembly of TiO 2 particles 20 ± 30 nm diameter in size, that is of highly porous morphology. After annealing at 673 K for 1 h the electrodes were modified with pyrene-functionalized gold nanoparticles by immersing into a THF solution of the nanoparticles overnight. The electrodes were washed thoroughly with THF to remove any unbound gold nanoparticles. These electrodes are referred to as OTE/TiO 2 /1. Absorption spectra were recorded with a Shimadzu 3101 spectrophotometer, transmission electron micrographs (TEM) with a Hitachi H600 transmission electron microscope. For the spectroelectrochemical experiments a Princeton applied research model 175 galvanostat/potentiostat was used, details of which can be found elsewhere. [22] The fluorescence from the nanostructured gold film was monitored with an SLM S-8000 photoncounting spectrofluorimeter in a front-face geometry. The other components of the cell were a Pt counter electrode, a saturated calomel reference electrode (SCE) and acetonitrile containing 0.1m tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) as electrolyte.

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X-ray scattering has been used to investigate the crystallinity and crystal structure of chemically coupled polythiophene. Heat treatment at elevated temperatures leads to significant increases in crystallinity (from ~35% as synthesized up to ~56% after annealing at 380 °C for 30 min) and coherence length indicative of chain growth and extension. Chemical analysis of the chain-extended polythiophene shows a major reduction in residual iodine content consistent with growth of the polymer chains to approximately 1200 thiophene rings. An initial model of the crystal structure of polythiophene is presented.

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