The bone regeneration capacities of calcium phosphate (CaP)‐loaded carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) nonwoven sheet (CMC/CaP) were evaluated using a dog lateral femoral condyle defect model. In addition, the effect of bFGF on bone regeneration when added to CMC/CaP sheet was investigated. The CMC and CMC/CaP sheets have high operability. The new bone formation rate in the CMC/CaP group was significantly higher than that in the control and CMC groups based on micro‐computed tomography and histological evaluation. In contrast, there was no significant difference between the CMC/CaP group and the CMC/CaP/f group. In conclusion, the CMC/CaP sheet has the ability to promote new bone formation and seems to be useful as a sheet‐shaped bone graft substitute. The effect of the auditioning signaling molecules to the CMC/CaP sheet, such as bFGF, requires further investigation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1516–1521, 2019.
An attempt was made to elucidate the effect of the terminal group on physical, rheological and
ABSTRACT:As an extension of the previous studies [M. Tomokiyo et al., submitted to Sen-i Gakkaishz], an attempt was made to elucidate the intrinsic role of terminal groups in the hydrogen bonding formation and the existing state of water in poly(hexamethylene adipamide) (nylon 66) with different molar fraction of amino end group fN· (fN = [NH2]1([NH2] +[COOH])) For this purpose, the heat-pressed nylon 66 films were subject to infrared (IR) and tanfJ-t analyses and at the same time the films which absorbed !Owt% of water were subject to 1 H NMR measurements to determine relaxation time T 1 of water. Analyses on the change in the wave numbers of NH and CO stretching vibrations (K,NH• K,c0 ), the activation energy evaluated from the temperature dependence of K,NH and K,co and the activation enthalpy and entropy for C£. and C£b relaxations indicated that the stronger hydrogen bond is formed for nylon 66 with larger fN, which corresponds to the higher molecular packing density and higher activation energy for flow of the melt for these polymers. 1 H NMR revealed that water which penetrated into nylon 66 is composed of two electro-magnetically different species, one of which might be the ionized water by end groups, and those species are also composed of at least two components with shorter T1 (Tt,8 ) and with longer T1(T1.A). The existence of ionized water was supported by the pH measurement of water containing nylon 66. The both T1 were shorter for nylon 66 with lower fN, denoting that the nylon interacts more strongly with water, which is quite comparative to the facts that nylon 66 with low fN exhibits the lower resistance to the penetration of water for this polymer. These facts leaded to an idea that water in polyamide is ionized by the polar terminal end groups and based on this idea a tentative hydrogen bonding for nylon 66 with high and low fN ( Authors have already pointed out the importance of the balance of terminal groups of poly(hexamethylene adipamide) (nylon 66) in the water adsorption behavior, the rheological and thermal properties and the crystallization kinetics of the polymers 1 and the fiber structure formation during its melt-spinning process. 2 All these data have revealed that 1) nylon 66 with higher molar fraction of amino end group fN is more resistant to the water adsorption, lowers the crystallization rate but exhibits the lower molecular mobility brought about by an increase in the activation energy for flow of the polymer melt and 2) the nylon 66 with larger fN is fabricated into the fiber having amorphous region characterized by stronger cohesive nature of molecular chains. All result seems to support the idea that nylon 66 with highfN has inherently stronger molecular interaction in the amorphous region to hinder the structural change induced by heat and humidity to some extent. However, the essential reason for the above phenomena has not been fully understood yet. Since polyamide has a potential ability to form hydrogen bond between amide groups (amino hydrogen and carboxyl groups) ...
The effects of metal dilution and adsorption on the surface of silicon dioxide on the spin-crossover behavior of [Fe(acpa)2]PF6, [Fe(acpa)2]BPh4, and [Fe(bzpa)2]PF6, which undergo fast spin-state interexchange on the 57Fe Mössbauer timescale have been studied by using 57Fe Mössbauer and EPR spectroscopies, powder X-ray diffraction and magnetic susceptibility, where Hacpa is N-(1-acetyl-2-propylidene)-2-pyridylmethylamine and Hbzpa N-(1-benzoyl-2-propylidene)-2-pyridylmethylamine. Solid solution compounds, [FexCo1−x(acpa)2]BPh4(x=0.035 and 0.074) and [Fe0.05Co0.95(bzpa)2]PF6 exhibit spin-crossover phenomena. No difference in the spin-state interexchange rate is observed between the diluted compound and the corresponding undiluted one as far as the rates are evaluated by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Mössbauer spectra for [Fe0.074Co0.926(acpa)2]PF6 exhibit only a pair of quadrupole doublets assigned to the low-spin state in the temperature range from 78 to 298 K. The spin-state interexchange rates for [Fe(acpa)2]BPh4 and [Fe(bzpa)2]PF6 adsorbed on the surface of silicon dioxide become slow compared to those for the corresponding pure complexes and the narrowing of the spin-state transition temperature range is observed. On the contrary no detectable differences in the spin-state interexchange rates are observed between the Mössbauer spectra for [Fe(acpa)2]PF6 adsorbed on the surface of silicon dioxide and that for the pure complexes. These observations are interpreted in terms of a spin-state transition behavior in these complexes which is affected by the packing state in the solid state, which is dependent on the characteristic structure of the respective complex.
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