No abstract

Motivated by the recent argument that in the TeV-scale gravity trans-Planckian domains of spacetime as effective naked singularities would be generated by high-energy particle (and black-hole) collisions, we investigate the quantum particle creation by nakedsingularity formation in general dimensions. Background spacetime is simply modeled by the self-similar Vaidya solution, describing the spherical collapse of a null dust fluid. In a generic case the emission power is found to be proportional to the quadratic inverse of the remaining time to a Cauchy horizon, as known in four dimensions. On the other hand, the power is proportional to the quartic inverse for a critical case in which the Cauchy horizon is 'degenerate'. According to these results, we argue that the backreaction of the particle creation to gravity will be important in particle collisions, in contrast to the gravitational collapse of massive stellar objects, since the bulk of energy is carried away by the quantum radiation even if a quantum gravitational effect cutoff the radiation just before the appearance of naked singularity.

In loop quantum cosmology, the Hamiltonian reduces to a finite difference operator. We study the initial singularity and the large volume limit against the ambiguities in the discretisation and the operator ordering within a homogeneous, isotropic and spatially flat model with the cosmological constant. We find that the absence of the singularity strongly depends on the choice of the operator ordering and the requirement for the absence singles out a very small class of orderings. Moreover we find a general ordering rule required for the absence of the singularity. We also find that the large volume limit naturally recovers a smooth wave function in the discretisation where each step corresponds to a fixed volume increment but not in the one where each step corresponds to a fixed area increment. If loop quantum cosmology is to be a phenomenological realisation of full loop quantum gravity, these results are important to fix the theoretical ambiguities.

Recently, the possibility was pointed out by one of the present authors and his collaborators that an effective naked singularity referred to as ''a visible border of spacetime'' is generated by high-energy particle collision in the context of large extra dimensions or TeV-scale gravity. In this paper, we investigate the particle creation by a naked singularity in general dimensions, while adopting a model in which a marginally naked singularity forms in the collapse of a homothetic lightlike pressureless fluid. We find that the spectrum deviates from that of Hawking radiation due to scattering near the singularity but can be recast in quasithermal form. The temperature is always higher than that of Hawking radiation of a samemass black hole, and can be arbitrarily high depending on a parameter in the model. This implies that, in principle, the naked singularity may be distinguished from a black hole in collider experiments.

In loop quantum cosmology there may be a super-inflation phase in the very early universe, in which a single scalar field with a negative power-law potential V = −M 4 (φ/M ) β plays important roles. Since the effective horizon √ SD/H controls the behavior of quantum fluctuation instead of the usual Hubble horizon, we assume the following inflation scenario; the super-inflation starts when the quantum state of the scalar field emerges into the classical regime, and ends when the effective horizon becomes the Hubble horizon, and the effective horizon scale never gets shorter than the Planck length. From consistency with the WMAP 5-year data, we place a constraint on the parameters of the potential (β and M ) and the energy density at the end of the super-inflation, depending on the volume correction parameter n.