Bacwkground. Several recent studies suggest that activation of ATP-dependent potassium (KATp) channels in the myocardium plays an important cardioprotective role during ischemia. The present study was undertaken to examine further the role of this ion channel in vivo in a model of "stunned" myocardium.Methds and Resuls. Barbital-anesthetized dogs were subjected to 15 minutes of left anterior descending (IAD) coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 hours of reperfusion.
Uniform periodically poled domains were demonstrated in an insulator-sandwiched structure with z-cut lithium niobate wafers for an adhered ridge waveguide. Efficient quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation was achieved in a mechanically defined ridge waveguide. Strong confinement in the waveguide produced second-harmonic-generation normalized conversion efficiency of 370%∕Wcm2 in the 1.5μm wavelength region.
Original ArticleAim: The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) represents the blood pressure-independent arterial stiffness from the origin of the aorta to the ankle. CAVI0 has been proposed as a variant index. We aimed to clarify the difference between CAVI and CAVI0 among large populations, and to explore reasons of the difference.
Methods:The subjects were 5,293 Japanese healthy and 3,338 hypertensive people. Simple and multiple regression analyses were performed using age, sex, body mass index, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure (Pd) as variables. Sub-group analysis was performed by sex and age. The CAVI values with and without adjustment by reference pressure were also compared.Results: CAVI had a positive correlation with Pd, while CAVI0 had a negative correlation with Pd in the healthy population. The CAVI values of the hypertensive group were higher than those of healthy group in both men and women, but the CAVI0 values in women of the hypertensive group in the 30-39 age group was significantly lower than that of the corresponding healthy group. Differences of CAVI values with or without modification using the reference pressure were 1.09% 1.38% for the healthy group and 3.68% 1.66% for the hypertensive group.Conclusion: CAVI showed the expected values, but CAVI0 showed inexplicable results in the healthy and hypertensive populations. The differences were due to the strong dependency of CAVI0 on Pd. Differences of CAVI values with or without reference pressure were negligible. These results indicate that CAVI obtained by the VaSera system is appropriate, but CAVI0 is not. changes according to changes in blood pressure at the measuring time. This has been shown theoretically and also experimentally 4) . Therefore, PWV is an inappropriate index for research studying the effect of blood pressure on arterial stiffness.An attempt to establish an arterial stiffness index independent of blood pressure at measuring time was made by Hayashi et al. 5) . They found that the relationship between a change in vascular diameter and internal blood pressure showed an exponential curve,
Our results suggest that the right insula and the related body mapping regions may form the functional module of sympathetic arousal in response to gut stimulation.
Whistler waves launched from an antenna damp away for small incident power. With increasing power, undamped nondiverging waves (the ducted waves) are observed, together with a field-aligned density trough and electron heating. However, the density trough is found not only in the wave propagation regime (ω/ωc<1), but also in the wave evanescence regime (ω/ωc≳1). This implies that the density depression is mainly created by the effect of the antenna near-zone field rather than by the wave radiation pressure. The intense localized field near the antenna gives rise to electron heating which leads to the density trough. The ducting of antenna-launched whistler waves has been explained as a filamentation instability in terms of nonlinear wave-plasma interactions.
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