The effect of water soluble proteins of hoki surimi on suwari was investigated, and the following results were obtained. 1. The water soluble protein component in the surimi catalyzed the reaction of the crosslinking of myosin heavy chain and formation of suwari kamaboko gel. 2. Ca ion was essential for the cross-linking reaction of myosin heavy chain and formation of suwari kamaboko gel. 3. Formation of ƒÃ-(ƒÁ-glutamyl)-lysine was found in suwari kamaboko gel. These results reinforced the possibility that suwari reaction may involve an enzymatic process catalyzing by transglutaminase. Suwari is a very important process with a significant influence on the theological properties of surimi-based products. When salted meat paste is kept at a constant low temperature below approximately 40•Ž for several tens of minutes to several hours prior to heating to 80-90•Ž, its theological properties change from soI to gel, and the greater elasticity and higher water holding capacity of the kamaboko gels are produced. This phenomenon is called "suwari". All surimibased products may be influenced to a greater or lesser degree by suwari during their manufacturing process. Accordingly, control of the process of

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Gender identity disorder (GID) is a condition where an individual experiences significant gender dysphoria or discontent due to the divergence between their biological sex and their actually perceived sex. The concept of GID was introduced in the 20 th century [1], and the affected patients usually indicate an apparently normal somatic sexual differentiation and hope to live as the member of the opposite gender to their innate one. The number of patients diagnosed with the condition has been increasing in the past decade. Currently, a broad approach toward to treatment of GID is conducted from various aspects of law, sociology, psychol- Abstract. Gender identity disorder (GID) is a conflict between a person's actual physical gender and the one they identify him or herself with. Testosterone is the key agent in the medical treatment of female to male GID patients. We conducted a dose-response analysis of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in 138 patients to determine the onset of the therapeutic effects. The TRT consisted of intramuscular injection of testosterone enanthate and patients were divided into three groups; 250 mg every two weeks, 250 mg every three weeks and 125 mg every two weeks. The onset of deepening of voice, increase in facial hair and cessation of menses was evaluated in each group. At one month after the start of TRT, the onset of these physical changes was more prevalent in the group receiving the higher dose of testosterone, and there were dosedependent effects observed between the three treatment groups. On the other hand, at six months after the start of TRT, most of the patients had achieved treatment responses and there were no dose-dependent effects with regard to the percentage of patients with therapeutic effects. No significant side effects were observed in any of the treatment groups. We demonstrated that the early onset of the treatment effects of TRT is dose-dependent, but within six months of starting TRT, all three doses were highly effective. Current study provides useful information to determine the initial dose of TRT and to suggest possible changes that should be made in the continuous dosage for long term TRT.Key words: Gender identity disorder, Testosterone, Female to male, Dose response analysis, Estradiol ogy and medicine to effectively manage the disorder.The aim of the treatment for GID patients is to provide relief from the dichotomy between body habitus and sex identity by the induction of desired mental changes and maintenance of an acceptable physical state of the opposite sex. With regard to the history of the medical approach towards GID, surgical intervention was first conducted in 1907, and hormone therapy using testosterone replacement in female to male GID was started from 1935 after the discovery of testosterone [2]. Currently, the treatment for GID consists of psychotherapy, hormone replacement therapy and sex reassignment surgery. The therapeutic strategy is often determined, and therapies are started, by incorporating the patient's preferences or base...

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