BackgroundInflammation is a key factor in the process of carcinogenesis from chronic gastritis induced by Helicobacter pylori. Selenoprotein S (SEPS1) is involved in the control of the inflammatory response in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Recently the -105G>A polymorphism in the promoter of SEPS1 was shown to increase pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. We examined the association between this polymorphism and the risk of gastric cancer.MethodsWe took stomach biopsies during endoscopies of 268 Japanese gastric cancer patients (193 males and 75 females, average age 65.3), and 306 control patients (184 males and 122 females, average age 62.7) and extracted the DNA from the biopsy specimens. All subjects provided written informed consent. For the genotyping of the SEPS1 promoter polymorphism at position -105G>A, PCR-RFLP methods were used and the PCR products were digested with PspGI.Logistic-regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for age, sex, and H. pylori infection status.ResultsAmong cases, the distribution of genotypes was as follows: 88.4% were GG, 11.2% were GA, and 0.4% were AA. Among controls, the distribution was as follows: 92.5% were GG, 7.2% were GA, and 0.3% were AA. Among males, carrying the A allele was associated with an increased odds of gastric cancer, compared with the GG genotype (OR: 2.0, 95% CI 1.0–4.1, p = 0.07). Compared with the GG genotype, carrying the A allele was significantly associated with increased risks of intestinal type gastric cancer (OR: 2.0, 95%CI 1.0–3.9, p < 0.05) as well as of gastric cancer located in the middle third of the stomach (OR: 2.0, 95%CI 1.0–3.9, p < 0.05).ConclusionThe -105G>A promoter polymorphism of SEPS1 was associated with the intestinal type of gastric cancer. This polymorphism may influence the inflammatory conditions of gastric mucosa. Larger population-based studies are needed for clarifying the relation between inflammatory responses and SEPS1 polymorphism.
A series of studies about the potential usefulness of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (NBI) for the diagnosis of gastric and colonic lesion is reviewed. Concerning the magnifying NBI appearances of gastric lesions, a light blue crest is a highly accurate sign of the presence of histological intestinal metaplasia. Also, the degree of irregularity of the mucosal and vascular pattern is correlated with the histological severity of Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis. According to the ‘VS classification’, an irregular microvascular pattern and/or an irregular microsurface pattern together with a clear demarcation line are characteristic for early gastric carcinoma, and a multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial demonstrated that magnifying endoscopy with NBI is superior to ordinary white light endoscopy for making a differential diagnosis of a small depressed lesion between carcinoma and non-carcinoma. Concerning the magnifying NBI appearances of colonic tumor, the vague or invisible microvascular pattern is mostly observed in hyperplastic polyp. The regular meshed microvascular pattern is mostly observed in adenoma. The irregular meshed microvascular pattern is mostly observed in intramucosal or shallow submucosal-invasive carcinoma. The decreased or loose microvasucular pattern is mostly observed in deep submucosal-invasive carcinoma. Thus, magnifying NBI endoscopy is useful for the differentiation of colorectal non-adenomatous lesions from adenoma, the differentiation of adenoma from carcinoma, and the assessment of invasion depth of early colorectal carcinoma. At present, several magnifying NBI classifications for the diagnosis of early colorectal neoplasia have been proposed in Japan. Recently, the NICE classification based on NBI findings with/without magnification for colorectal tumor was established by an international group.
SUMMARYExpecting activation of myocardial energy liberation, coenzyme Q was applied as a treatment to 55 patients suffering from congestive heart failure. Daily doses of 50 to 100mg of coenzyme Q7 were injected intravenously in 21 cases for 3 to 35 days. Daily doses of 60mg of coenzyme Q7 were administered perorally in 17 cases for 14 to 196 days. Daily doses of 30mg of coenzyme Q10 were administered perorally in 17 cases for 7 to 182 days. Clinical effects were evaluated within 4 weeks by the criteria using a scoring method of severity of congestive heart failure which was devised by the authors. In summary a certain effect was found in 20 cases and a mild effect was observed in 29 cases. No significant changes were observed in heart rate and blood pressure. Exanthema appeared in 2 patients of the group of coenzyme Q7 intravenous injection. In conclusion the therapeutic effect of coenzyme Q was thought to be mild but stable in supplement to digitalis therapy in cases of congestive heart failure.Additional Indexing Words: Activation of myocardial energy liberation Coenzyme Q7 and Q10 Intravenous injection Peroral administration A scoring method to evaluate severity of congestive heart failure ECENTLY clinical application of substances affecting to myocardial energy metabolism such as vitamin B complexes, adenosine triphosphate or its precursors, cytochrome C, and some metabolites has revealed a certain effect in therapeutics of cardiac diseases. Coenzyme Q was isolated by Crane and his coworkers and it was evidenced to localize mainly in mitochondria of subcellular fraction and to play an important role in oxidative
This paper proposes the Information Skimming Space (ISS) which provides users with a window through which interesting news reports can be culled from the large number of reports created daily by the mass media, such as newspapers and TV stations, as well as serving as a powerful information retrieval system. Our idea is that information acquisition can be best performed by enhancing the efficiency with which the information is presented to and accessed by the user. To realize this concept, newspapers are analyzed as an information acquisition tool to make an effective presentation scheme suitable for rapid cognitive understanding. News Transmission Model is proposed to define navigation paths that allow the user to access other reports according to his or her interests.
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