Purpose This paper aims to measure the sensitivity of the structure’s deformation numerical model (NM) related to the various types of the design parameters, which is a suitable method for parameter selection to increase the time of model-updating. Design/methodology/approach In this research, a variance-based sensitivity analysis (VBSA) approach is proposed to measure the sensitivity of NM of structures. In this way, the contribution of measurements of the structure (such as design parameter values and geometry) on the output of NM is studied using first-order and total-order sensitivity indices developed by Sobol’. In this way the generated data set of parameters by considering different distributions such as Gaussian or uniform distribution and different order as input along with, the resulted deformation variables of NM as output has been submitted to the Sobol’ indices estimation procedure. To the verification of VBSA results, a gradient-based sensitivity analysis (SA), which is developed as a global SA method has been developed to measure the global sensitivity of NM then implemented over the NM’s results of a tunnel. Findings Regarding the estimated indices, it has been concluded that the derived deformation functions from the tunnel’s NM usually are non-additive. Also, some parameters have been determined as most effective on the deformation functions, which can be selected for model-updating to avoid a time-consuming process, so those may better to be considered in the group of updating parameters. In this procedure for SA of the model, also some interactions between the selected parameters with other parameters, which are beneficial to be considered in the model-updating procedure, have been detected. In this study, some parameters approximately (27 per cent of the total) with no effect over the all objective functions have been determined to be excluded from the parameter candidates for model-updating. Also, the resulted indices of implemented VBSA were approved during validation by the gradient-based indices. Practical implications The introduced method has been implemented for a circular lined tunnel’s NM, which has been created by Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua software. Originality/value This paper plans to apply a statistical method, which is global on the results of the NM of a soil structure by a complex system for parameter selection to avoid the time-consuming model-updating process.
To dynamical study of the dams, the prediction of occurred deformation caused by hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressures during the operation phase as well as the designing phase is necessary. The reservoir water changes also the permanent variations of atmospheric temperature especially in the areas where there are significant seasonal and circadian changes in conditions are important factors to "dynamic system" of the dams. The aim of this paper is to present an applied dynamic method to identify the body of the dam as a dynamic system and to predict its behavior in the variable environmental conditions based on the monitoring observations. Non-parametric methods such as cross-covariance and coherence method are applied for system identification of the dam based on time series of input signal of measured forces and output signal of deformation measurements. The main feature of this paper is using the weighting function method which enables "System Identification" of the dam as a dynamic system, to model the deformation of the dam. The applied weighting function method benefits from measurements of effective factors on system of the dam also the deformation monitoring measurements from different sensors. For practical applicability of the method for a dam, Masjed-Soleiman "earth-dam" in Iran has been chosen. A wide range of instruments has been installed inside the dam to control the deformation; therefore multiple measurements are available for analysis. Since changing atmospheric temperature has not an important role in geotechnical study of an earth-dam singly, the authors decided to investigate the environmental condition such as atmospheric temperature and reservoir water-level changes as input signal to the "dam-sensors-combination" system. Here the authors carried out their inves- . A significant correlation between temperature changes and soil-extensometer observations has been determined, besides the coherence method leads to common periods of 351 days between input and output time series. The weighting function method is applied to model the deformation of the dam using deformation measurements of installed soilextensometer with temperature and water-level changes as effective sources. The RMS of difference between the estimated dam deformations from weighting function model compared to original measurements was calculated at 0.039 mm also from the point of correlation the original deformation measurements and modeled deformations are correlated at 95 %. The RMS of the difference between measurements and the predicted dam deformations using the weighting function model was calculated at 0.057 mm leading to a correlation value of 91 %. If the absolute values are transformed in percentage of the deformation, the maximum error of prediction is 10 %. The results show the success of weighting function method to model the deformation observations of the dam affected by input factors. One of the most important achievements of this paper is to draw a distinction between temperature as a systematic err...
Highlights I model the deformation of structures based on a developed finite element method. The method is capable to fuse multi-sensor monitoring data in an inertial frame. Implementation of inter-element continuity conditions is a specification of method. Diffused and asynchronous geodetic and geotechnical data are fused as boundary data. The continuity of settlement model of a studied earth-dam proved. Abstract A new adaptive method for deformation modelling of structures based on finite elements is developed under specified conditions in this paper. The continuity condition of deformation between overlaid surface elements on the structure is proposed to overcome the discontinuity of the surface deformation model. In the other words, this newly developed finite element method (DFEM) is designed by implementation of inter-element continuity conditions for a numerical solution of differential equations of the deformation model. Another capability of the proposed model is use of asynchronous and repetitious monitoring data of the structure (given by different geotechnical and geodetic sensors) as boundary values which enables fusion of multi-sensor measurements at data level in an inertial reference frame. Practical applicability of the method was assessed by successful determination of an earthdam surface settlement variations based on the adaptive fusion of geodetic levelling and geotechnical settlement observations with inter-element continuity constraints. Regarding the observable continuity in the final surface deformation model contour maps also the estimated RMS (0.8 mm) of difference between the deformation observations and their prediction onthe check points, the presented method was more successful related to the deformation modelling method based on the single sensor data as well as the multi-sensor data fusion without inter-element continuity constraints.
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