We study cosmological dynamics of the energy-momentum squared gravity. By adding the squared of the matter field's energy-momentum tensor (ζ T 2 ) to the Einstein Hilbert action, we obtain the Einstein's field equations and study the conservation law. We show that the presence of ζ T 2 term, breaks the conservation of the energy-momentum tensor of the matter fields. However, an effective energy-momentum tensor in this model is conserved in time. By considering the FRW metric as the background, we find the Friedmann equations and by which we explore the cosmological inflation in ζ T 2 model. We perform numerical analysis on the perturbation parameters and compare the results with Planck2018 different data sets at 68% and 95% CL, to obtain some constraints on the coupling parameter ζ. We show that for 0 < ζ ≤ 2.1 × 10 −5 , the ζ T 2 gravity is an observationally viable model of inflation.

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Background & Aims of the Study: Infertile women experience negative feelings, such as anxiety, depression, and despair; accordingly, such conditions create strategies to cope with infertility, i.e., significant for a sense of stability. The present study aimed to determine the effects of an integrated approach, consisting of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Positive Thinking Training (PTT) on distress and wellbeing in infertile women with marital conflicts. Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 30 infertile couples referring to the Infertility Clinic in Tehran, Iran was explored. The integrated approach group completed NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI), Fertility Problem Stress Scale, and Ryff’s Psychological Wellbeing Scale before and 1 month after the completion of the intervention. A Dependent Samples t-test was used to analyze the collected data. Results: According to the current research results, there was a significant difference in distress and wellbeing among the examined infertile women with marital conflicts (P<0.05). One month after the completion of the intervention, the mean overall distress score in the integrated approach group was significantly less than that of the pre-test phase (P<0.05). Furthermore, the mean overall score of wellbeing after the therapy sessions was significantly higher than that of the pretest step in the study subjects (P<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of the integrated approach based on ACT plus PTT on distress and wellbeing in infertile women, this method can be used in infertility clinics. Healthcare providers and counselors should receive training on ACT and PTT to improve mental health and wellbeing among infertile couples.

Background There is not a general consensus on the best type of intervention to improve the motor proficiency (MP) of adolescents with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Considering the effect of socio-economic status (SES) in relation to the MP of adolescents with DCD, it is necessary to examine this issue further. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Karate-Do interventions on the MP of adolescents with DCD from high/low SES. Methods Participants included 16 adolescent girls (12 to 13 years old) with DCD, and their classification into high/low SES groups was done by using appropriate previously validated questionnaire. A short form of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2), was used to assess fine motor precision, fine motor integration, manual dexterity, upper limb coordination, bilateral coordination, balance, strength, speed, agility, and overall MP level of the participants. Both high/low-SES groups completed a specifically prescribed Karate-Do intervention program for 8 consecutive weeks (3 sessions per week with each session lasting for 75 min). Results Results from this 8-week intervention showed that the pattern of change in manual dexterity, bilateral coordination, strength and the total MP score improved over time in both groups with varied socioeconomic backgrounds. Specifically, the high-SES group performed significantly better than their low-SES counterparts during the 8-week Karate-Do intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusions Following participants’ completion of the Karate-Do intervention, the existence of significant changes in the MP of adolescents’ with DCD at high/low SES confirmed our hypothesis. Compared to the low-SES group, adolescents with high SES displayed superior MP following the intervention. It seems that karate (kata) training serves as a good alternative for rehabilitation MP programs, however, an important issue concerning social infrastructure is to create a suitable exercise environment for adolescents at lower SES. Until the SES achievement gap in female adolescent MP is stable, future work is warranted to discover more practical and meaningful interventions.