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Iron deficiency anemia is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency in the world, affecting 20-50% of the world's population. It is estimated that 10 and 20% of male and female athletes are iron deficient, respectively. Iron deficiency has deleterious effects on the physical performance of athletes. It decreases aerobic capacity, increases heart rate and elongates the recovery time after exercise. In this cross-sectional study, 42 semi-professional female athletes who had been playing in basketball, volleyball and handball super league teams served as subjects. Data on socioeconomic and fertility status as well as the type of sport were obtained through a questionnaire. Nutritional data were gathered with a 3 day dietary recall. Total intake of calorie, iron, zinc, folate, vitamin C and B12 were also analyzed. In addition, ferritin and TIBC were measured and a CBC test was done for each subject. The results showed that the mean total calorie intake of women was 2049.79 +/- 735.12 kcal, where their iron intake was 22.33 +/- 9.24 mg day(-1). There was a significant difference between the iron intake of basketball and volleyball players (p = 0.036). Of our subjects, 33.33% had low ferritin levels (< 30 ng mL(-1)) and it was lowest in handball players. Higher than normal ferritin levels were seen in 12.5% of the subjects. We saw a significant difference in ferritin levels of basketball and handball players (p = 0.047). We conclude that the intake of calorie and iron is low in female athletes and therefore, their hematological indices such as ferritin level are below standard values.

(5b), as examples, were tested on different cancer cell lines including HeLa, MCF-7, and HepG2. Malignant cells were cultured in DMEM medium and incubated with different concentrations of the titled compounds. Cell viability was quantitated by MTT assay.

Herein, nucleophilic substitution reaction of pyrimidine derivatives on piperazine in ciprofloxacin resulted in the formation of new pyrimidyl N-ciprofloxacines. These compounds were prepared at room temperature, at conventional heating and under microwave irradiation conditions. Results indicated microwave condition as a green approach in comparison with room temperature and at conventional heating condition leads to higher yields and very short reaction times. 1 H, 13 C-NMR, FT-IR, Mass spectroscopy and CHN analysis were used to characterize all the synthesized products. Meanwhile, the antibacterial activity of these new compounds against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was investigated and showed more activities for two new N-ciprofloxacin derivatives than ciprofloxacin.[a] Dr.

Several new derivatives of oxazolo [5,4-d]pyrimidine (3a-h) have been synthesized through the reaction of 2,4-dichloro-6-methyl-5-nitropyrimidine (2) with aryl carboxylic acids in refluxing POCl 3 . Further treatment of compounds (3a-h) with hydrazine hydrate gave the hydrazine derivatives (4a-h) that were subsequently cyclized into a novel heterocyclic system, oxazolo [5,4-d][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine (5a-p) and (7a-d) on treatment with triethylorthoesters or carbondisulfide and alkylhalides, respectively. H NMR (CDCl 3 ): δ 2.89 (s, 3H, CH 3 of pyrimidine), 7.45 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H, 2-chlorophenyl), 7.53 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H, 2-chlorophenyl), 7.58 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H, 2-chlorophenyl), 8.14 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H, 2-chlorophenyl); 13 C NMR (CDCl 3 ): δ 165.2, 162.7, 160.7, 155.2, 834

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In vitro antiproliferative activities of some pyrimido[4,5-e][1,3,4]oxadiazine and [1,2,4]triazolo[4',3':1,2]pyrimido[4,5-e][1,3,4]oxadiazine derivatives were examined in human malignant cancer cell lines. All synthesized compounds inhibited the growth of malignant cells in a dose dependent manner, but among them 1,5,7-trimethyl-3-phenyl-1H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4',3':1,2]pyrimido[4,5-e][1,3,4]oxadiazine and [(1,5-dimethyl-3-phenyl-1H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4',3':1,2]pyrimido[4,5-e][1,3,4]oxadiazin-7-yl)sulfanyl]acetonitrile, both with triazole moiety, were found to be more effective than other compounds; they also induced a sub-G1 peak in the flow cytometry histogram of treated cells compared to controls, indicating that apoptotic cell death is involved in toxicity they induce. The results showed that compounds with triazole moiety fused to pyrimido[4,5-e] [1,3,4]oxadiazine derivatives are more active than those bearing chlorine or pyrrolidine groups at C-7 position.