As general trends in current development of chemical analysis, including electroanalysis, one can indicate a search for methods fast and multianalyte, for miniaturized measuring devices, mechanization and automation of analytical processes. In all these trends a significant role is played by measurements in flow conditions. The major advantage of flow electroanalysis is a possibility of utilizing a kinetic discrimination in potentiometric measurements and enhancement of mass transport in voltammetric techniques. Flow injection techniques provide shortening of time of a single analytical determination due to reproducible use of transient signal from the detector without need of obtaining a steady-state equilibrium signal. Electrochemical detection in HPLC gives often improved selectivity and detection limit for electroactive solutes, whereas in capillary electrophoresis it allows a convenient design of portable, integrated chips for field application. This review presents state-of-the -art of flow electroanalysis based on 226 cited literature references

Enantioselectivity in chemical and biochemical sensing probes can be obtained by the use of enantioselective binding or by enantioselective biocatalysis. The enantioseletive discrimination in ion-selective electrodes can be achieved with the use of appropriate ionophore in plasticized membrane in measuring cell or on the surface of electrode, with the use of a suitable enzyme in biosensor, antibody in immunosensor, or molecularly imprinted polymer for modification of active surface of amperometric or voltammetric sensor. This review, based on 77 literature references mostly from 1992 to 2004, reports developments of such sensors for potentiometric, amperometric, and mass-detecting devices involving quartz crystal microbalances. for allowing MW to have study visits in their laboratories to get experimental experience in fabrication of potentiometric sensors and amperometric biosensors.

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