Innovative engineering design for biologically active hydroxyapatites requires enhancing both mechanical and physical properties, along with biocompatibility, by doping with appropriate chemical elements. Herein, the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate and elucidate the model of naturally occurring hydroxyapatite and the effects of doped trace elements on the function of normal human fibroblasts, representing the main cells of connective tissues. The substrates applied (geological apatites with hexagonal prismatic crystal habit originated from Slyudyanka, Lake Baikal, Russia (GAp) and from Imilchil, The Atlas Mountains, Morocco (YAp)) were prepared from mineral natural apatite with a chemical composition consistent with the building blocks of enamel and enriched with a significant F− content. Materials in the form of powders, extracts and single-crystal plates have been investigated. Moreover, the effects on the function of fibroblasts cultured on the analyzed surfaces in the form of changes in metabolic activity, proliferation and cell morphology were evaluated. Apatite plates were also evaluated for cytotoxicity and immune cell activation capacity. The results suggest that a moderate amount of F− has a positive effect on cell proliferation, whereas an inhibitory effect was attributed to the Cl− concentration. It was found that for (100) GAp plate, fibroblast proliferation was significantly increased, whereas for (001) YAp plate, it was significantly reduced, with no cytotoxic effect and no immune response from macrophages exposed to these materials. The study of the interaction of fibroblasts with apatite crystal surfaces provides a characterization relevant to medical applications and may contribute to the design of biomaterials suitable for medical applications and the evaluation of their bioavailability.
(II), were studied. The material was characterized by various methods -polarizing microscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for the evaluation of surface chemistry. In both cases lattice symmetry was found to be hexagonal with the point group P63/m and following unit cell parameters: a=9.3839(4) Å, c=6.8867(3) Å for (I) and a=9.4058(4) Å, c=6.8807(3) Å for (II). A basis to assume right model of the surface of the following faces: (10-10), (0001) and (10-11) was structural analysis. Subsequently, a chosen cell line of human fibroblasts has been grown on the prepared crystal plates with orientations (10-10), (0001) and (10-11). We hope that the studies will shed light on the understanding of living cell -apatite substrate interactions at atomic level.[1] Phosphates: Geochemical, geobiological, and materials importance, edited by Kohn M.J, Rakovan J., Hughes J.M., Reviews A mineral clay deposit from the locality "Guelma", was investigated. The exploitation of the results of chemical, X-rays, IR and differential thermal analyses shows that the raw material is essentially formed with halloysite. Examined with S.E.M., the clay particles have a nanotubular form with 100 to 300nm in length and 20 to 50 nm in externall diameter. The activation energy of dehydroxylation was determined as 160 kJ.mol -1 , while the value for mullitisation is 844 kJ.mol -1 .
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