The concept of personal resources is used in health psychology in reference to all the factors that help in coping with stress. Moos and Schafer define personal resource as: ‘relatively stable personal and social factors, which influence the way the individual tries to tackle life crises and stress transactions’. Many researchers count the following as important personal resources: social support, ways of coping with stress, self-esteem and self-efficacy, sense of coherence, level of optimism, ability to act assertively, locus of control. Paramedics can be associated with jobs requiring above-average level of both health and psychological costs. Thus, determination of the relation between the sense of coherence and ways of coping with stress will be the subject of this project.
The article discusses the multi-criteria vector of the human factor in the aspect of safe ship operation and survival at sea. An attempt was made to assess which elements of the human factor have the greatest impact on the behavior of seafarers in a crisis situation.
The article characterises the evolution of the concepts of personal and structural security in the
context of the tasks of the armed forces. It presents concepts of security in the context of the
objectives of state and state power throughout history. These concepts have been undoubtedly
formulated in a differentiated manner depending on the political and constitutional system
formation dominating in a given historical period. The deliberations also highlighted the
expectations of societies towards armed forces. Interestingly, not so much lethal armed struggle
and mass killing, but limited armed action and low-intensity struggles, conducted in niches and
causing little or no loss of life.
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