Introduction. Historically, perimenopausal period was thought to be associated with mood disorders. Despite many studies, the relationship between menopause and depressed mood has not been fully explained.Aim. The objective of the study was analysis of the level of intensity of depression among women at perimenopausal age according to sociodemographic characteristics.Material and methods. The study covered 268 perimenopausal women who reported to outpatient departments in the city of Lublin. The criteria for the qualification of women into the study group were: age 45-55 years, lack of mental disorders and lack of diseases requiring hospitalization during the period of study. The study was conducted with the method of a diagnostic survey with the use of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and a questionnaire designed by the authors in order to collect demographic data.Results. The mean BDI values obtained in the presented study according to respondents' age and monthly income showed the lack of depression or mild depression in the group of the women examined. In addition, the mean level of depression according to marital status confirmed the lack of depression in the group of married women, whereas mild depression in the group of those who were single.Conclusions. Analysis of the results of the study indicated that age and marital status were not related with the respondents' level of depression. Women who possessed a university education had a lower level of depression, compared to those who had elementary/elementary vocational or secondary school education level. Women whose material standard was higher had a lower level of depression. Women who have a poor material standard and lower level of education should be covered by a special psycho-prophylactic care.
Introduction. The cancer of the reproductive organ, due to its specificity, is an extremely difficult situation for a woman. Aim. The aim of the study was to answer the question what are the determinants of strategies to cope with the disease among women treated for cancer of the reproductive organ.Material and methods. The study included 102 women treated for gynecological cancer. To assess coping strategies with disease, denoting adaptation to cancer, a Mini-Mac standardized scale of the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Diseases and the own construction questionnaire were used. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi² test, Mann-Whitney U test, W. Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis tests.Results. Research shows that most respondents coped with the disease using the strategy: the fighting spirit (FS), and positive reevaluation (PR), but to a lesser degree they applied preoccupation with anxiety (PwA) and helplessness -hopelessness strategy (HH).Conclusions. 1. Most of the women fighting against cancer used constructive strategies, while the remaining part -the destructive ones. Choosing the type is determined by factors like the duration of the disease, the incidence of complications during treatment, subjective evaluation of how to improve the health status and satisfaction with treatment or length of hospital stay. 2. Strategies of mental adaptation significantly affect the course of treatment. The use of absorbing anxiety causes significantly more women not to feel the improvement of health and hospitalization for them is a traumatic experience. In contrast, a form of helplessness -hopelessness is associated with low satisfaction with treatment, and lack of improvement in subjective health. People who use fighting spirit were significantly more satisfied with the results of treatment.
Wprowadzenie. Wystąpienie zagrożenia porodem przedwczesnym jest sytuacją trudną, obciążającą i stresową. Ciężarna może mieć trudności w poradzeniu sobie z nową sytuacją, ponieważ dochodzi wówczas do przerwania psychologicznych procesów przygotowujących matkę na urodzenie dziecka. Celem pracy. Określenie poziomu stresu u ciężarnych z zagrażającym porodem przedwczesnym w zależności od czynników socjodemograficznych. Materiał i metoda. Badaniami objęto 100 kobiet ciężarnych między 23. a 37. tygodniem ciąży z zagrażającym porodem przedwczesnym hospitalizowanych na oddziałach patologii ciąży w Samodzielnym Publicznym Szpitalu Klinicznym nr 4 i Samodzielnym Publicznym Szpitalu Klinicznym nr 1 w Lublinie. Projekt badania uzyskał pozytywną opinię Komisji Bioetycznej Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie (Nr KE-0254/339/2015). Do przeprowadzenia badań wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego z wykorzystaniem standaryzowanego narzędzia badawczego pn. Skala Odczuwanego Stresu (Perceived Stress Scale-PSS-10) oraz ankiety własnego autorstwa. Wyniki. Najwięcej (38%) badanych kobiet ciężarnych z zagrażającym porodem przedwczesnym odczuwało przeciętny poziom stresu, 36% odczuwało wysoki poziom stresu, natomiast 26%-niski. Czynniki socjodemograficzne, takie jak wiek, stan cywilny, warunki materialne, nie warunkowały poziomu odczuwanego stresu u badanych ciężarnych. Kobiety z wykształceniem wyższym miały niższy poziom stresu aniżeli kobiety posiadające wykształcenie podstawowe lub zawodowe oraz średnie. Wnioski. Badane kobiety ciężarne z zagrażającym porodem przedwczesnym odczuwały w większości przeciętny i wysoki poziom stresu. Wykształcenie było czynnikiem warunkującym poziom stresu w badanej grupie kobiet. Słowa kluczowe stres, poród przedwczesny zagrażający
Introduction. The multitude of changes taking place in the female body in terms of the physiological aspect as well as in the psychological well-being in the perinatal period has become the motivation to fi nd an answer to the question: what is the women’s satisfaction with life (SWL) after childbirth. Aim. The aim of the study was to analyse the level of SWL among women after vaginal delivery and caesarian section according to selected socio-demographic characteristics. Material and methods. The study included 128 females after vaginal delivery (n=58) and caesarian section (n=70) hospitalized at the maternity units in Lublin. The study was voluntary and anonymous. It was conducted in 2020 with the use of survey method and utilized two research tools: the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) and a questionnaire designed by the author in order to collect socio-demographic data. Results. The mean SWL were 26.12±4.78 in women after vaginal delivery and 24.60±6.17 after cesarean section. Selected socio-demographic factors (age, education, marital status, place of residence, professional status) are signifi cantly related to the satisfaction with life of women after cesarean section; while the material situation and living together with the family among women with vaginal delivery. Conclusions. Analysis of the results obtained indicated that actions aimed at the improvement of SWL should be directed to young, unemployed, with primary and vocational education, unmarried women and with poor fi nancial situation.
Introduction. Smoking cigarettes is the most common addiction, also observed in women before and during pregnancy. Aim. This study presents the attitudes of pregnant women towards smoking and the related risks to the foetus and the newborn. Material and methods. The study was based on the author’s questionnaire and analysis of medical records.It was conducted in obstetric-neonatal units of three hospitals in Lublin, from July to September 2010. Results. In the observed group, 64.5% women never smo-ked cigarettes. The remaining 35.5% admitted to the habit. Of the latter group 57.1% continued smoking during pregnancy, and 30 (42.9%) stopped. Cigarette smoking during pregnancy was statistically dependent (p<0.01) on marital status, education, profession and monthly family income per capita of the respondents. Smokers were significantly more often unmarried women, who did not work, with low income and vocational education, whereas age and the place of residence had no significance in this regard. Statistical analysis proved the existence of the correlation between women’s opinion on the role of the placenta in the protection of the foetus against tobacco smoke and smoking or not by the pregnant women. Significantly more often (p=0.000000) that was confirmed by the smokers. The collected data show that women smoking during pregnancy significantly more often (p=0.000000) believed that smoking while pregnant had no effect on the subsequent development of diseases in children. Conclusion. Smoking during pregnancy is relatively common and it is related to women’s marital status, education, profession and monthly income per household member. Women smoking during pregnancy, significantly more often than non-smokers, believe that the placenta protects the child against the effects of tobacco smoke and deny the existence of any link between smoking and the occurrence of diseases in children.
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