Efecto de la temperatura en el desarrollo embrionario y larval del mejillón, Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819)Temperature effect in the embryonic and larval development of the mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819) -10258) se evaluó el efecto de la temperatura sobre su desarrollo temprano para modular empíricamente las tasas de crecimiento larval. Los embriones y larvas se cultivaron a 12, 16 y 20ºC, en una unidad productora de semillas marinas en la bahía de Coliumo (36ºS), Chile, desde donde se extrajeron los reproductores. El desarrollo embrionario siguió la secuencia conocida para otros bivalvos. Las trocóforas se transformaron en velígeras, a las 45 h post fertilización, seguidas por las larvas D (longitud inicial 99 ± 6 μm), con velo ciliado, estómago bien definido y líneas de crecimiento concéntricas en la concha; las larvas umbonadas, a partir del día 15 post fertilización, desarrollaron manchas oculares y músculos aductores; las pedivelígeras (talla inicial 265 ± 2 μm) desarrollaron un órgano pedal y filamentos branquiales. Los estadios embrionario y larval fueron acelerados a mayores temperaturas. Las tasas de crecimiento larval a 20ºC (9,1 μm*día -1 ) fueron significativamente mayores que a 12 y 16ºC (6,7 μm*día -1 y 7,4 μm*día -1 , respectivamente). Comparado con Mytilus chilensis, M. galloprovincialis presentó mejores de tasas de crecimiento a iguales temperaturas. Esto sugiere que, en Chile, se puede producir semillas de M. galloprovincialis en condiciones controladas, para su cultivo masivo. MaryoriPalabras clave: Mytilidae, mejillón, embrión, larva, temperatura, tasa de crecimiento Abstract.-The Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) has been recently registered for the Chilean coast, from Concepcion (36ºS) to the Magellan Strait (54ºS). To determine the feasibility of the massive culture of M. galloprovincialis in Chile, a study of the temperature effects on the early development was carried out. Embryos and larvae were raised at 12, 16 and 20ºC in laboratory facilities at Coliumo Bay (36ºS), Chile, from where adults mussels were collected. Embryonic development followed the common sequence exhibited by other bivalves. Trocophores turned into veligers at 45 h post fertilization, followed by D-larvae (99 ± 6 μm length, initial size), with a large ciliated velum, a welldeveloped stomach and concentric growth lines in the shell; 15 days post-fertilization, umbonate larvae developed eye-spots and adductors muscles; pediveliger larvae (265 ± 2 μm initial length size) developed a pedal organ and gill filaments. Both embryonic and larval stages were accelerated at higher temperatures. The larval growth rates at 20ºC (9.1 μm*d galloprovincialis seed can be produced under controlled conditions for its massive cultivation.
Abstract.-The effect of serotonin spawning stimulating agent, was evaluated in Ensis macha sexually mature broodstock, conditioned in laboratory. Neurotransmitter 0.9 ml at a concentration of 10 -5 M was injected into the foot of each specimen. 5-HT induced gamete release in 92% of injected broodstock, always producing the fastest response in males, removing sperm at 36 min (± 15.9) after injection. The release of mature oocytes began at 170 min (± 42.4) post-injection. Embryonic development to the veliger larva formation, straight hinge D had a survival of 88%, no malformations have been observed in larvae. In only one trial, fertilized oocytes were not viable. Finally, we can confirm that there is a pattern in the release of mature gametes E. macha broodstocks due to the action of serotonin 5-HT and could be a useful tool for aquaculture pr actices.
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