Nowadays, there are more than fourteen major state and private owned textile industries and garment factories in Ethiopia. However, these textile effluents are directly discharged without treatment to the surrounding environment, as a result, the pollutants bring serious problem to the surrounding community including health such as skin diseases, asthma, abortion, carcinogenic effect, biodiversity loss and mutagenic effect on the. The main objective of this study is characterization and treatment of the textile effluent using aluminum electrodes in the electrocoagulation process. EC experimental setups were designed and different parameters were optimized. Electrocoagulation treatment process eliminates physicochemical quality indicators such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC); turbidity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia; nitrate, nitrite, total nitrogen (TN) and phosphate were determined using standard procedures. From the result, the maximum removal efficiency of phosphate, ammonia, TN, electrical conductivity, turbidity and BOD were obtained 97, 87, 88, 89, 99 and 66%, respectively. Analyses of the electrochemically generated sludge by X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the expected crystalline aluminum oxides (bayerite (Al(OH) 3 diaspore (AlO(OH)) were found in the sludge. The amorphous phase was also found in the floc. Therefore, a treatment technology was good and encourages the community to apply the technique for the treatment of textile effluent before discharging into the environment.
Honey is a natural, sugary and sticky liquid that is produced from the nectars of flowers by the bees. This study aimed to analyze the concentration of some selected heavy Metals in honey samples. 1 g of honey sample was digested by a hot plate using 9ml of HNO3 and 3ml of H2O2. The concentrations of the heavy metals in the digested were detected using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The results of this study found that the concentrations of the heavy metals in the honey samples were ranged from 1.97 to 2.04 µg/g for Zn, 1.93 µg/g to 2 µg/g for Cu, 0.83 to 1.01 µg/g for Mn, 0.25 to 0.45 µg/g for Cr, 0.025–0.031 µg/g for Cd. However, Pb was not detected in all honey samples. Hence, the levels of heavy metals found were below the permitted levels set by the World Health Organization. From the results, the levels of heavy metals found were below the permitted levels set by the World Health Organization. Thus, the heavy metals in the sampled honey are safe for human consumption in these selected areas.
Black cumin (Nigella sativa), and Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) are common culinary spices that are used singly or combined in the diet of many populations of Ethiopia and there is a long-held belief of their health-enhancing properties. The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant properties, phenolic and flavonoid contents of aqueous methanolic extracts from Nigella sativa and Coriandrum sativum L. seed samples. The contents of polyphenols and flavonoids were evaluated by colorimetric method and antioxidant activity was determined based on the ability to scavenge free radicals by using DPPH assay. An aqueous methanol extract of Coriandrum sativum L. resulted in the highest phenolic content from West Dembia (1.799 ± 0.0011 mg GAE/g), followed by Nigella sativa from East and West Dembia (1.737 ± 0.0014 & 1.734 ± 0.0013 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram (mg GAE/g) respectively) and Coriandrum sativum L. from West Dembia (1.678 ± 0.0018 mg GAE/g) measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent method. The greatest flavonoid content was observed with extracts of Coriandrum sativum L. (1.114 ± 0.0005 mg quercetin equivalents per gram samples (mg QE/g)) from East Dembia district followed by Nigella sativa (1.002 ± 0.0007 (mg QE/g) as measured by an aluminum chloride colorimetric method, while the least was recorded for Coriandrum sativum L. (0.926 ± 0.0013 mg QE/g) and Nigella sativa (0.764 ± 0.0010 mg QE/g) from West Dembia district. Among the two selected spice extracts Nigella sativa from East Dembia district displayed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value 432 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per gram sample (AAE/g), while Nigella sativa & Coriandrum sativum L. from West Dembia and Coriandrum sativum L. (East Dembia) showed lower antioxidant activities having 372, 320 and 366 mg AAE/g of sample respectively. These results confirmed that Nigella sativa and Coriandrum sativum L. extracts possess appreciable natural antioxidant potentials, thereby providing good justification for their increased domestication and combined food consumption.
Heavy metals are some of the common pollutants that are found in industrial wastewaters a variety sources one of them textile industries. In Ethiopia, there are more than fourteen major textile and garment factories. The study of industrial wastewater, it is important to select the appropriate wastewater treatment program. Samples of textile effluents from textile industries found in Amhara Regional State Bahir Dar, Kombolcha, and Debre Brihan textile industries were collected. Heavy metal concentrations effluents were determined using FAAS and ICP-OES. The determined heavy metal concentration of Pd 0.85 to 0.61, As 1.3 to 0.4, Cr 0.08 to 0.03, Zn 2.6 to 0.32 and Mn 0.37 to 0.25 mg/L by FAAS. The determined heavy metals in all textile industries didn't have significant effluence to environment, but there is a significant difference between FAAS and ICP-OES. The concentration of all the studied heavy metals except Mn were comparable with the WHO and EEPA guideline. This study suggests quick intervention and closes monitoring to arrest and solve the growing environmental pollution.Contribution/Originality: The paper's primary contribution is finding that influence of environmental pollution assessment with standards of EEPA and WHO and determined heavy metals Pb, As, Cr, Zn and Mn from textile industries waste water effluents in Ahmara region, Ethiopia and comparison of FAAS and ICP-OS methods.
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