Background: Achieving a rapid onset and durable methods of treatment for major depressive disorders is an issue pursuing in psychiatry. This study was designed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of intravenous (IV) ketamine injection in controlling depressive symptoms in comparison with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in major depressed disordered patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two patients over 18 years of age who were candidates for ECT were enrolled in the study. They were allocated into two groups using block design randomization. Sixteen patients received IV infusion of 0.5-mg/kg ketamine and 16 patients underwent a bitemporal ECT. To evaluate the changes in depression severity, researchers administered Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) at baseline, before each treatment session, and four time points posttreatment (week 1 and months 1, 2, and 3). The Wechsler Memory Scale was used to evaluate the cognitive state of patients in week 1, month 1, and month 3 of the treatment. Results: The HDRS showed improvement in depressive symptoms in both the groups with no statistically significant difference. Cognitive state was more favorable (but not significant) in the ketamine group ( P > 0.5). Conclusion: Treatment with IV ketamine in depressed people has the same antidepressant effects as ECT treatment without any memory deficiency.

The purpose of this study was to perform the psychometric characteristics of type-D personality scale and comparision type-D personality among males and females in an Iranian normal population. The method used in the population was survey; containing 1348 students from universities . Of them, 400 participants with master's degree were randomly selected based on the Cocheran's formula (259 males and 141 females).The data collection tool was type-D personality scale. The results showed that the type-D personality scale had suitable reliability and ten items had acceptable validity in the normal community. Therefore, according to the results, only ten of its items can be used in Iranian community. In addition to these findings, this study showed that type-D personality rate and the negative affect were significantly higher in males than in females. Keywords: Factor Analysis, Questionnaire, Student, Type-D Personality Journal of Research & HealthSocial Development & Health Promotion Research Center Vol. 7, No. 1, Jan & Feb 2017 Pages: 545-550 DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.jrh.7.1.545 Original Article