For a sustainable urban expressway development, it is necessary to conduct an EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) study. Expressway development and operation should, therefore, be planned with careful consideration of the environmental impacts. An assessment of an expressway project may include consideration of different routes as distinct alternatives. Thus, evaluating alternatives is an important step of environmental impact assessment. In this paper, some MCDM (Multi Criteria Decision Making) models, were used for assessing alternatives in EIA in earlier studies, reviewed and a hybrid MCDM model proposed to tackle the dependency relations of evaluation criteria with aid of the fuzzy DEMATEL (decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory) method. In next step, the fuzzy DEMATEL method combined with ANP (Analytic Network Process) method to weighting criteria for assessment of alternatives with aid of the fuzzy VIKOR (VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) method. Empirical study results illustrate the proposed model is a workable and reliable tool for evaluating alternatives of environmental impact assessment of urban expressway in order to make results much closer to reality.
This study aims to evaluate the level of publicness of public places. For fulfillment of its primary goal, this paper firstly searches deeply in existence publicness literatures. In the second part, with aim of finding appropriate model, this paper debates on previous models of publicness and represents a democratic evaluation through a multi-criteria decision making model. Evaluating by people has an undeniable advantage due to good experience and better knowledge of folks about their living environment. This study assesses the level of publicness by using the proposed methodology based on management, access and users dimensions. The findings of this paper shows that regardless of public places ownership, the level of publicness of Tehran cases are in the middle of a hypothetical fully public place.
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