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CBCT imaging can be a valuable adjunct in radioanatomical and radiodiagnostic observations in the posterior maxilla. It may better visualize maxillary sinus involvement for posterior upper teeth than panoramic radiography.

Close proximity of the maxillary roots and the sinus floor makes a dental disease a probable cause of maxillary sinusitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography in defining the topographic relationship of maxillary teeth to the sinus floor and detecting apical periodontitis and other odontogenic causes of the maxillary sinusitis. Out of 145 dental records from subjects (mean age 52 years, range 20-75 years; 89 females) referred to the Oral Imaging Centre, KU Leuven, periapical and CBCT images of the posterior maxilla were selected for further analysis. Anatomical relationship of maxillary teeth to the sinus floor, apical periodontitis and other etiological causes of soft tissue thickening were assessed with both imaging modalities. The results of this study demonstrated that periapical radiographs are not adequate in observing the anatomical relationship between maxillary molars and the sinus floor. CBCT showed an intimate relationship of 1st and 2nd molar with the maxillary sinus in 50 and 45% of the cases, respectively. Periapical radiography could only spot approximately 40% of apical periodontitis on posterior maxillary teeth and 3% of all apical infections extending to the sinus, seen on CBCT.

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Belgium SUMMARY This review aims to explore whether 3D imaging offers an added value in diagnosis of odontogenic sinusitis. Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis accounts for approximately 10-12% of maxillary sinusitis cases. Proper diagnosis of odontogenic sinusitis is based on a thorough dental and medical examination and crucial to ensure therapeutic efficacy. To establish the odontogenic cause of maxillary sinusitis, 2D and 3D imaging modalities may be considered, each presenting distinct advantages and drawbacks. The available research indicates that 2D imaging modalities may often mask the origin of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis. This limitation is particularly evident in the maxillary molar region, stressing the need for 3D cross-sectional imaging. The advent of low-dose cone beam computed tomography in dentistry may be particularly useful when odontogenic maxillary sinusitis is not responsive to therapy. Yet, it seems that more research is needed to validate its use in odontogenic maxillary sinusitis.

The aims of this study were to determine the accuracy of a 3D computer model and stereolithographic (STL) replica when compared to the real tooth and to develop a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based planning technique including surgical guide fabrication. A STL surgical guide and a tooth replica were fabricated using SimPlant Pro 12.1. To validate this process, tooth segmentation and replica design were prepared for comparison to an optical scan of the corresponding tooth. For surgical intervention, a dry dentate mandible was scanned using a Scanora CBCT and the donor tooth was segmented. The donor tooth was repositioned, and two guides were designed. These tooth replica and guides were used in socket preparation of the dry mandible. The 3D computer model of the segmented teeth and related STL models showed satisfactory results with an acceptable accuracy. The surfaces were within 0·25mm distance, but in some areas up to 2·5mm deviation were seen. The results showed that 79% of the points was between 0·25 and -0·25mm, 3% was overestimated (>0·25mm) and 18% was underestimated (<-0·25mm). The computer-based repositioning of the donor tooth and construction of tooth replica and guide allowed socket preparation before donor tooth extraction and optimization of the STL procedure for in vivo planning of CBCT-based autotransplantation.

The aim of the present study was to perform a retrospective study of autotransplanted teeth with a variable but individually maximized follow-up period in order to provide information on the long-term clinical outcome. The sample was obtained from patients who were treated at the University Hospitals KU-Leuven, Belgium, during the period 1996-2010. Of the total of 109 subjects (137 teeth), 98 patients were invited for recall, of whom 68 patients (87 teeth) responded positively. Eleven out of the 109 patients were excluded due to loss of the transplanted tooth. Although 41 patients had no re-examination visit, clinical and radiological data from all 109 subjects were included in the sample. The follow-up period varied from 1 week of 14.8 years, with a mean of 4.9 years. Transplanted teeth receiving orthodontic treatment had a lower risk of ankylosis and were less likely to fail. The risk of root resorption was lower for teeth with stages one-half to three-quarters of root length at the time of transplantation. Molars were more susceptible to ankylosis. Almost all teeth showed partial or full obliteration of the pulp. Absence of further root development was higher in donor teeth with root length stage less than one-half. Trans-alveolar transplantation was less successful. Autotransplantation can be a valid alternative method in young adolescents for replacing missing teeth because of agenesis or trauma. The optimal time to transplant is when the root has reached two-thirds to three-quarters of the final root length.

This review evaluates the evidence for the diagnostic efficacy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for impacted teeth and associated features. PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched using specific indexing terms and reference lists were hand searched. Two reviewers selected relevant publications on the basis of pre-determined inclusion criteria. Original studies were assessed using a modification of the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS) tool. The literature search yielded 96 titles, of which 7 were included in the review. There was only limited evidence for diagnostic efficacy expressed as sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. Only two studies compared CBCT and panoramic radiographs with a valid reference method and presented the results in terms of percentage of correct diagnoses. This review reveals a need for studies that meet methodological standards for diagnostic efficacy of CBCT in the diagnosis of impacted teeth.