Parkinson is a common and disabling disease that affects patient's and career's quality of life. Unfortunately, medications, such as dopaminergic and sedative-hypnotic drugs, as an effective treatment have unwilling side effects. Recently, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in conjunction with medication becomes popular as a complementary safe treatment and several studies have proved its effectiveness on controlling motor and specially non-motor aspects of Parkinson's disease. In this randomized double-blind parallel study, 23 patients with Parkinson's disease divided into two groups of real tDCS plus occupational therapy and sham tDCS plus occupational therapy and the effects of therapeutic sessions (eight sessions tDCS with 0.06 mA/cm current, 20 min on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) were evaluated on fatigue and daytime sleepiness just after therapeutic course and in 3-month follow-up. tDCS had a significant effect on fatigue and no effect on daytime sleepiness reduction in patients with Parkinson's disease. tDCS is an effective and safe complementary treatment on fatigue reduction in Parkinson's disease.
Design Chronic plantar fasciitis (PF) is a common cause of chronic heel pain, with different conventional treatment options. In this randomized clinical trial, the effect of ultrasound-guided injection of dextrose versus corticosteroid in chronic PF was evaluated and compared. Methods A total of 44 patients suffering from chronic PF who visited the physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic were enrolled in the study. Two table-randomized groups were formed. They received an ultrasonography-guided, single injection of either 40 mg methylprednisolone or 20% dextrose. Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure questionnaire with 2 subscales, Activities of Daily Living (FAAM-A) and Sports (FAAM-S), along with ultrasonographic parameters were evaluated before and at 2 and 12 weeks after the injection. Results. A total of 40 participants completed the study. Both interventions significantly improved pain and function at 2 and 12 weeks postinjection. After 2 weeks, compared with the dextrose prolotherapy, the corticosteroid group had significantly lower daytime and morning NRS scores (2.55 vs 4.1, P = .012, and 2.75 vs 4.65, P = .004), higher FAAM-S (66.84 vs 54.19; P = .047), and lower plantar fascia thickness at insertion and 1 cm distal to the insertion zone (3.89 vs 4.29 mm, P = .004, and 3.13 vs 3.48 mm, P = .002), whereas FAAM-A was similar in both groups ( P = .219). After 12 weeks, all study variables were statistically similar between corticosteroid and dextrose prolotherapy groups. No injection-related side effects were recorded in either group. Conclusion Both methods are effective. Compared with dextrose prolotherapy, our results show that corticosteroid injection may have superior therapeutic effects early after injection, accompanied by a similar outcome at 12 weeks postinjection. Levels of Evidence: Level II
Objective: Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) affects approximately one in a thousand deliveries. Very few studies evaluated PAS risk factors based on their location. In this study, we have investigated the effects of placenta location on placental adhesion-related complications, its risk factors, and outcomes. Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of pathology-confirmed cases of PAS from patients with peripartum hysterectomy, at a large educational hospital in Qazvin, Iran, from 2009 to 2019. Placenta location was found by ultrasound reports and intraoperative evaluation. We measured demographic features, basic characteristics, maternal and neonatal outcomes based on placental location including anterior, posterior, and lateral in Placenta Accreta Spectrum. Chi-square, t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used to examine the relation of complications, risk factors, and outcomes in PAS. Results: A review of 70 cases showed the distribution of placenta location as follows: 57% anterior, 27% posterior, and 16% lateral. The mean gestational age at delivery was 35 (33-39) weeks. In 78.6% (n=55) of the patients, an association with placenta previa and in 94/2% (n=66) of cases a history of cesarean section was found, however, it was not significantly correlated with placenta location (p=0.082). We found that surgery duration was significantly longer in patients with lateral PAS (155±38, vs 129.35±33.8 and 133.15±31.5 for anterior and posterior placenta respectively, p=0.09). Patients with lateral PAS also bled more than the remaining two groups (2836 ml for lateral PAS vs 2002 and 1847 for anterior and posterior placenta respectively, p=0.022). Moreover, women with a history of uterine surgery were more likely to have posterior PAS compared to those with anterior and lateral PAS (p=0.035). Conclusion: Differences in complications, risk factors, and outcomes of PAS based on placenta location may lead to improved diagnosis and decreased morbidity in women.
Background: Trans cranial direct current stimulation is a new treatment for neuromodulation and in several studies showed positive effect on Parkinson's disease especially motor symptoms. The aim of this study was to assess additive effects of consecutive sessions of tDCS on functional balance in patients with PD. Method:In this pilot randomized double blind parallel study, 23 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) divided in two groups of real Trans Cranial Direct Current Stimulation plus occupational therapy and sham Trans Cranial Direct Current Stimulation plus occupational therapy and the effects of therapeutic sessions (8 sessions Trans Cranial Direct Current Stimulation with 0.6 mA/cm 2 current, 20 minute on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ) were evaluated on balance just after therapeutic course and in 3 months follow-up.Results: There was no significant time-Group interaction in any time point showing that behavior of experimental and sham groups didn't differ regarding changes in BBS (df=1.44, F=0.91, p=0.38). Conclusion:Based on the results of the present study there is no significant effect of tDCS on functional balance in patients with PD at any time point.
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