Implant-supported overlay dentures (ISODs) have been widely accepted among patients using conventional removable complete dentures (CRCDs). The present study aimed to comparatively study conventional and ISODs in terms of function and coordination of masticatory muscles using electromyograms. Included were 10 patients with ISODs (each with 2 implants in the intercanine area). The mean wave range (MWR) and frequency (MWF) of masseter and temporalis were recorded with (ISOD) and without (CRCD) ball attachments while maximum clenching on cotton rolls (cotton roll clenching), maximum intercuspal clenching (clenching), and unilateral gum chewing (chewing) using electromyography. Data were analyzed in SPAW using t-paired for matched groups and independent-sample t tests for unmatched ones. The MWF differences were not statistically significant with or without attachments (P > .05). Without attachments in place, the MWF of both masseter and temporalis muscles significantly decreased when patients clenched on cotton rolls (P = .01 and .02, respectively) and when chewing unilaterally (both P = .01). With attachments present, the right and left temporalis muscles did not show identical mean wave ranges while chewing (P = .01). Without attachments, this disharmony was seen in the left and right masseter muscles (P = .03). The MWR of masseter was higher in men while chewing with attachments (P = .02). Without attachments, the MWR of temporalis was higher in women while cotton roll clenching (P = .03) and chewing (P = .02). These findings are seemingly in favor of improved masticatory function and coordination in edentulous patients with the application of ISODs.
(CABYV) is among the most important yellowing viruses on cucurbits in Iran. The presence of CABYV has been previously reported from the major cucurbit growing areas in Iran, however, there are few studies concerning the detection of the different strains of this virus in the grower's fields, and especially, there is no report of the weed host plants near crop fields. This study was done in order to detect the new strains of the CABYV polerovirus in cucurbits and the weed plants in the Lorestan province, Iran, as an introductory investigation for initiating a program of the breeding for resistance. During a survey carried out in 2013-2014 in Lorestan province; Iran, 189 cucurbit and 261 weed samples were investigated for the presence of CABYV using RT-PCR. In addition, the phylogeny and nucleotide similarities were discussed on the basis of the partial nucleotide sequence of RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) gene. The RT-PCR carried out on leaf samples revealed the infection with the CABYV in 43 cucumber and 12 weed samples. RT-PCR using strain specific primers detected the presence of the both common (C) and recombinant (R) strains of CABYV in the tested samples. On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses, the CABYV-C isolates from Iran were clustered into two distinct sub-populations (CI and CII), such that all the weed samples with two sequenced cucumber isolates were clustered in the CI sub-population. Meanwhile, a distinct sub-population of the isolates was clustered in the CABYV-R group showed a shared sequence identity of 97% to a Taiwanese isolate (JQ700306). This study has indicated the incidence of CABYV-R in the Southwest Asia; Iran for the first time. We were also able to show CABYV occurrence in and from this area of the world. Identification of cucurbit infecting viruses and studying their distribution and potential reservoir hosts are important for developing successful control programs for virus disease management.
Field surveys during 2013-2014 indicated the distribution of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Watermelon mosaic virus-2 (WMV-2) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) in the major cucumber-growing areas of Lorestan province, West Iran. A total of 249 (48.2%) of 516 symptomatic cucumber samples were found to be infected. According to the ELISA, viruses in decreasing order were WMV-2 (24.2%), CMV (14.7%) and ZYMV (10%). Moreover, among the 29 positive weed samples with above-mentioned viruses, Sonchus oleraceous and Malva sp. for CMV and Bryonia dioica for ZYMV were found as new natural hosts in Iran. Some weed isolates were more analysed using biological and molecular assays. Using recombination analysis, a tentative breakpoint was found in N-terminal of coat protein of ZYMV-Bd isolate. This isolate is more distinct from the other Iranian ZYMV isolates and fall into group II. However, all Iranian isolates belonged to group I which was divided into two subgroups, IA and IB.
Background: Implant supported overlay dentures (ISODs) have been widely accepted among patients using conventional removable complete dentures (CRCDs). The present study aimed to comparatively study conventional and ISODs in terms of function and coordination of masticatory muscles using electromyograms.Materials and methods: Included were 10 patients with ISODs (each with 2 implants in the intercanine area). The mean wave range (MWR) and frequency (MWF) of masseter and temporalis were recorded with (ISOD) and without (CRCD) ball attachments while maximum clenching on cotton rolls (cotton roll clenching), maximum intercuspal clenching (clenching), and unilateral gum chewing (chewing) using electromyography. Data were analyzed in SPAW using t-paired for matched groups and independent sample t-tests for unmatched ones. Results: MWF differences were not statistically significant with or without attachments (p > 0.05). Without attachments in place, MWF of both masseter and temporalis muscles significantly decreased when patients clenched on cotton rolls (p = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively) and when chewing unilaterally (p = 0.01 both). With attachments present, the right and left temporalis muscles did not show identical mean wave ranges while chewing (p = 0.01). Without attachments, this disharmony was seen in the left and right masseter muscles (p = 0.03). MWR of masseter was higher in men while chewing with attachments (p = 0.02). Without attachments, MWR of temporalis was higher in women while cotton roll clenching (p = 0.03) and chewing (p = 0.02). Conclusion: These findings are seemingly in favor of improved masticatory function and coordination in edentulous patients with the application of ISODs.
Background: Medicinal herbs have a long record of application in therapy throughout the world. Today, knowledge and public acceptability of the usage of herbal drugs is on a growing trend. However, medicinal plants may be contaminated with a variety of microorganisms. Enterococci are among nosocomial pathogens that are commonly found in large numbers in foods, plant materials, and vegetables. Objectives: We aimed to detect enterococci contamination in industrial and traditional medicinal herbs by using standard and impedance methods. Methods: Eighty samples of industrial and traditional medicinal herb samples (40 per group) were analyzed for the detection of enterococci by using standard and impedimetric techniques. Results: In general, Enterococcus contamination rate in herb samples was found to be 33.7% and 25% by using standard and impedimetric methods, respectively. McNemar's test did not reflect any significant difference between the two methods in identifying Enterococcus contamination. Comparing the results of enterococci contamination obtained from the two methods, no significant differences were found between the industrial and traditional samples, although contamination was greater in traditional herb samples. Conclusions: The current standard methods for detecting enterococci are labor-intensive and time-consuming compared to advanced methods such as impedance. However, based on our results, sensitivity and specificity of impedance method could vary based on the type of samples being evaluated. However, it is recommended to perform further diagnostic tests for confirming our results.
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