The present study examines political gender inequality in Egypt following the Arab Spring in 2011, when Egyptian women openly opposed the Mubarak regime. These women held public demonstrations for the recognition and improvement of their position in the public sphere, which raised hopes for better opportunities for women to change their status in Egyptian society. However, after the overthrow of the Mubarak regime, these hopes remained unfulfilled; for instance, women's representation in the Egyptian parliament is less than 2%. This phenomenon is analyzed using the qualitative method along with the descriptive analysis approach. This research investigates the root of gender inequality in a developing country. The results identify three factors that hinder gender equality in Egypt: economic (physical production and intense household duty), cultural (patrilocality and the son's role as a potential support figure for the elderly), and political regime shift (from military to the Ikhwanul Muslimin regime).
The task force collaboration forum is present to strengthen and increase stakeholders' commitment to developing Child-Friendly Cities in Padang City. However, the optimization of this forum has not been appropriately achieved. Previous research has shown that the cause of this is sectoral ego, low stakeholders understanding, a master plan suitable for children has not been formed. At the same time, the involvement and linkage of stakeholders in the task force is a determining factor for the success of a collaboration. Furthermore, a power balance must be established between stakeholders during deliberation and decision-making. This study aimed to analyze power-sharing in the collaborative forum of Padang City Child-Friendly Task Force. The analytical method used is stakeholder mapping and social networks analysis. Stakeholders involved in the Padang City child-friendly task force have diverse interests and influences. Eighteen parties consist of two actors as key players, two as subject, seven as context center, and seven as the crowd. The interaction pattern of the stakeholders in the form of information flow is not evenly distributed. Several participants can bridge the disconnection of this information network on the condition that the strong participants must establish a relationship with the weak. A more decentralized structure and precise working mechanism are needed to control the power imbalance among stakeholders
<p><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tindakan intervensi militer dan motif intervensi militer Arab Saudi dalam memanfaatkan posisi Yaman untuk membendung pengaruh Iran di Timur Tengah. Tindakan intervensi ini bertolak belakang dengan kebiasaan Arab Saudi yang secara historis cenderung untuk tidak melakukan intervensi secara langsung. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan konflik Yaman dan menggunakan kerangka konseptual deterrence dan geopolitik post-modern untuk menjelaskan tindakan intervensi militer Arab Saudi dan motif dibalik tindakan intervensi militer tersebut. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah tindakan intervensi militer Arab Saudi terhadap konflik Yaman bertujuan untuk mempertahankan status quo Arab Saudi di Timur Tengah serta untuk menekan dan memaksa kelompok Houthi mundur dari Yaman. Sedangkan motif intervensi militer Arab Saudi adalah perebutan power di Timur Tengah melalui penguasaan jalur perdagangan minyak, kepentingan keamanan nasional Arab Saudi, dan persepsi Arab Saudi terhadap ancaman Iran yang tergolong distorted dan diffuse perception.</em></p>
Introduction: Pregnant women class is one of the nutrition education programs and its success can be assessed by its outcomes. Aims: to evaluate the outcome of nutrition education in pregnant women class at individual level in Surabaya on 2019. Method: This research was a descriptive qualitative study using purposive sampling technique to each informant in 4 public health services (Puskesmas) in Surabaya that is Kedungdoro, Wonokusumo, Siwalankerto and Asemworo. Informants in this study were 2 staff from Family Health and Community Nutrition Section at Health Department of Surabaya, 4 nutrition workers, 7 midwives, 4 pregnant women cadres and 9 pregnant women class participants in 2019. Result: show that outcome of nutrition education in pregnant women class program at individual level is mothers’ behavior in consuming high iron foods increase during pregnancy, frequency and portions of mother's meals increase during pregnancy and breastfeeding, mother’s practice of EIB and exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: Effect of the nutrition education in pregnant women class on compliance with consuming iron supplementation tablets and PMT biscuit for pregnant women is not yet known and needs to be studied further.
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