The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of motivational factors of music on performance and learning a chain skill in children. For this purpose, 24 healthy non-athlete 11-year-old girls were selected from two fifth grade class by available sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. After the training the participants were given a pre-test. The training program in the acquisition phase was a chain skill including rolling, shooting football and receiving and passing the basketball for 8 weeks (two sessions per week with a pack of 4 attempts) which was performed with the existence of motivational factor of music in the experimental group and then a post-test was taken. Finally, after three weeks of not training, retention and transfer tests were taken. The data were analyzed through co-variance analysis and independent and paired sample t-test. The results showed that both groups have had progress in acquisition of the skill (p<0.01) but there was no significant difference between scores of the two groups (p>0.05). There was also no significant difference between retention and transfer test scores of the two groups. According to the findings of the study, it can be said that the motivational factor of music alone is not effective on motor performance and learning of children.
Introduction and purpose: Number of elderly is increasing and as they grow older the risk of falling increases. Visual disturbances are among internal risky factors of falling and meanwhile depth perception attenuation as one king of visual disturbances has the highest relationship with their falling. The aim of present investigation was to the effect of sports participation on depth perception in elderly. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 34 participants (18 active elderly and 16 inactive elderly) with average age 60.88±4.09 years were selected from Tabriz city using available sampling method. The subjects were evaluated 8 times with hot colors (red and orange) and cold colors (blue and green) using depth perception device. The average of these 8 times was used as individuals' depth perception score. Collected data were analyzed using independent t-test. Findings: There was a significant difference between error level of depth perception in active and inactive elderly (P<0.05). Moreover active elderly indicated better performance in cold colors, but the difference was significant in hot colors. Conclusion: Generally it can be claimed that exercise plays an important role in most fields of daily life and to some degree in visual-perceptual performance, in a way that doing exercise has direct relationship with visual perception trait.
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