Background:Rotational malalignment after intramedullary tibial nailing is rarely addressed in clinical studies. Malrotation (especially >10°)of the lower extremity can lead to development and progression of degenerative changes in knee and ankle joints. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence and severity of tibial malrotation after reamed intramedullary nailing for closed diaphyseal tibial fractures.Materials and Methods:Sixty patients (53 males and 7 females) with tibial diaphyseal fracture were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 33.4±13.3 years. All fractures were manually reduced and fixed using reamed intramedullary nailing. A standard method using bilateral limited computerized tomography was used to measure the tibial torsion. A difference greater than 10° between two tibiae was defined as malrotation.Results:Eighteen (30%) patients had malrotation of more than 10°. Malrotation was greater than 15° in seven cases. Good or excellent rotational reduction was achieved in 70% of the patients. There was no statistically significant relation between AO tibial fracture classification and fibular fixation and malrotation of greater than 10°.Conclusions:Considering the high incidence rate of tibial malrotation following intramedullary nailing, we need a precise method to evaluate the torsion intraoperatively to prevent the problem.
We found that the adverse effects of photorefractive keratectomy with mitomycin C on central corneal endothelial cells were comparable between the mechanical and alcohol-assisted epithelial debridement groups and the significant decrease in postoperative keratocyte density in anterior stroma was comparable between the two groups. The choice of their application could be left to the discretion of the ophthalmologist.
IntroductionUpon feeding the LDL receptor deficient mice a high fat diet the circulating apoB containing lipoproteins in the animals rise, lipid oxidation increase and an inflammatory state is induced. Oxidation products of cell membrane arachidonic acid and linoleic acid including HETEs and HODES that are thus produced are known to induce inflammatory molecules in various organs and result in pathological complications.ObjectiveWe sought to study the effect of a high fat diet on the concentration of oxidized fatty acids and the potential protective effect of the anti inflammatory peptide 4F.MethodsGroups of female LDL R−/− mice (n=20 per group) were provided with a high fat‐high cholesterol diet for 6 weeks and were given drinking water or water containing anti inflammatory peptide 4F furnishing 900 ug per animal on a daily basis. At the end of the 56 weeks, using LC‐ESI‐MS/MS brains were analyzed for oxidized fatty acid content.ResultsThe concentration of 5‐HETE, 12‐HETE, 15‐HETE, 9‐HODE and 13‐HODE, PGD2, PGE2, TXB2 were significantly higher in the group that did not receive the peptide as compared to the mice that did receive the peptide 4F (p from 0.039 to 0.002).ConclusionThe oxidative cascade resulted from the hyperlipemia and the inflammatory pressure was inhibited by the anti inflammatory peptide 4F resulting in reduction of the level of proinflammatory oxidized fatty acids and reducing their concentration in brain. If the peptide would have a similar effect in humans, it might have major implications in reducing neuronal inflammation and improvement in CNS function.
ObjectiveTo determine if oral infection will result in an increase in markers of inflammation that are known to augment atherogenesis.IntroductionIt is known that patients with inflammation or infection of the oral cavity have a higher risk of acquiring susceptibility and being in a state of systemic inflammation increasing their risk of having vascular abnormalities. In the present study we sought to examine if infection of the oral cavity would result in an increase in the levels of markers of atherogenesis.MethodsFour month old female Apo E mice were treated with P. Gingivitis or with vehicle for 10 days. Plasma was prepared using heparinized capillary tubes and plasma separators and was cryopreserved. Circulating levels of interleukin 6 and 13‐HODE were determined using a commercially available ELISA kit and LC‐ESIMS/MS employing a Q4000 Quadrupole system. The data were analyzed using one way ANOVA taking advantage of GraphPad Prism application.ResultsIn mice receiving the P. Gingivitis treatment the levels of circulating IL‐6 and 13‐HODE were significantly higher (p=0.011 and p=0.031, respectively). There was no difference in the levels of 20‐ HETE which is known not to increase in inflammation.ConclusionThe present study indicates that oral infection with P. Gingivitis results in increases in the levels of circulating inflammatory molecules that are known to contribute to vascular dysfunction and increased vulnerability to atherogenic reactions.
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