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Background:Premature birth is one of the most important unresolved reproductive health problems. Premature birth is often traumatic and a source of distress for parents. Increased parental stress during the first year of their infant's life is a risk factor for later behavioral problems in infants.Objectives:This study was designed to compare anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and social supports in parents of premature and mature infants.Patients and Methods:This was a comparative descriptive study conducted at healthcare centers of Qom city, in 2012. In this study, 82 couples (164 parents) divided into two groups including parents who have preterm and term infants. Questionnaires including items such as demographic characteristics, obstetric and post-traumatic stress disorders, Spielberger anxiety and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were completed two months after childbirth. Data were analyzed using χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney test, independent t-test, and regression logistic using SPSS18 software.Results:The levels of anxiety was not significantly different in mothers and fathers in the two groups, but the trait anxiety level of mothers (P < 0.001) and fathers who had preterm infants (P = 0.01) was significantly greater than the parents of full-term infants. Post-traumatic stress disorder was significantly greater in mothers of preterm infants than those of term infants (P = 0.03), but this amount was not significantly different between the two groups of fathers. Mothers' social support did not differ significantly (P = 0.08), however, it was significantly different in fathers (P = 0.01).Conclusions:Premature infants' parents are more at risk of mental disorders than term infants' parents. This result shows the need of interventions, so these parents can better deal with the problems of premature infants.

Introduction:Copper IUD is a long term and reversible contraception which equals tubal ligation in terms of sterilization. One of the barriers to using this contraception method is the fear and the pain associated with its insertion. Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) 5% is a local anesthetic that contains 25 mg lidocaine and 25 mg of prilocaine per gram. Application of topical analgesic cream to the cervix for laser surgery, hysteroscopy and hysterosalpingography is knownAims:this study aimed to determine the effect of EMLA on IUD insertion pain.Methods:This triple blind clinical trial was conducted on 92 women in a clinic in Hamedan in 2012. After applying the cream on the cervix, pain in three steps, after using Tenaculum, after inserting hystrometr and after inserting IUD and removing IUD insertion tube were assessed with visual analog scale and were compared in EMLA group and placebo groupStatistical analysis used to determine and compare the pain of independent t tests, Mann-Whitney U test and repeated measures analysis of variance and chi-square tests to determine the homogeneity of variables and Fisher’s exact test was usedResults:Insertion hystrometr was determined as the most painful IUD insertion. The mean pain at step 2 (inserting hystrometr) was (3/11±2/53) in EMLA group, (5/23±2/31) in placebo group. EMLA cream significantly reduced the pain after using tenaculum (P<0/001), pain inserting Hystrometr (P< 0/001) and pain at IUD insertion and removing insertion tube (P< 0/001)Conclusions:Topical Application of EMLA 5% cream as a topical anesthetic on the cervix before insertion IUD reduced the pain during this procedure.

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Introduction:Birth of a premature infant and subsequent neonatal intensive care leads to psychological distress and trauma in parents. A large proportion of mothers show signs of trauma long after discharge from hospital. Fathers of premature infants are known to experience more stress than fathers of full-term infants. The sorrow experienced by parents of preterm infants is significantly higher than that experienced by parents of full-term infants because they have not been adequately prepared for the experience of birth, and need to cope with the stress caused by the clinical state and intensive care of the infant.Method:This was a descriptive-comparative study conducted in medical centers of Qom, Iran in 2012. In this study, 82 couples (164 mothers and fathers), participated in two groups as parents of preterm and full-term infants and completed demographic, midwifery, posttraumatic stress disorder, Spielberg anxiety questionnaires, and the Coping Inventory with Stressful Situation within 2 months after birth of their infant. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, Mann-Whitney, independent t tests, logistic regression, and Repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS-18 software.Results:Posttraumatic stress disorder in preterm group mothers was significantly higher than in term group mothers (P=0.03), but no significant difference in this disorder was observed between fathers in these groups. There was a significant difference in coping styles with stress between mothers in the two groups (P<0.001) and between fathers in the two groups (P<0.001). Logistic model showed a significant correlation between posttraumatic stress and housing and coping strategies with stress in mothers.Conclusion:Parents of premature infants are more exposed to psychological disorders, and there is a need to adopt educational approaches to improve parents’ coping ability with preterm infant’s circumstance.

Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes, especially type II diabetes, is increasing in the world. It seems that psycho-cognitive factors such as perceived-stress and resiliency can play an important role in diabetes care. The aim of the present study is examining the effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on self-efficacy, perceived stress and resiliency in type II diabetes patients. Methods:The method of this research was quasi-experimental (pre-test, post -test) with follow-up stages. The population includes women with type II diabetes that refer to Endocrine and Metabolism Research center, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences in 2014. Thirty two patients were selected by convenience sampling and they were randomly divided into two groups, namely experimental and control group (n1 =16, n2 = 16) and the follow-up stage was performed 3 months after the post test. Research tools consisted of questionnaires of self-efficacy (Sherer et al., 1982), perceived-stress (Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983) and resiliency (Connor & Davidson, 2003). Term of ACT treatment was 8 sessions with one session every week in the experimental group and follow-up stage was performed three months after the post test. Results:Results showed that after the treatment, the scores of self-efficacy and perceived-stress was reduced significantly compared to the control group (p<0.05) in all stages, but in resiliency they did not show any significant differences with each other in post test stage. However, in follow-up stage, the scores were reduced significantly compared to the scores in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion:The results show that ACT can be useful for psycho-cognitive function in type II diabetes patients.

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