Background: This study provides information on cancer incidence and mortality in a Colombian population during 2010-2014, based on the data and methodology of the Population-based Cancer Registry of Antioquia to facilitate the implementation of cancer control strategies. Methods: This is a descriptive study of cancer incidence and mortality in a population, residing in the urban area of the municipality of Medellin. The cancers included in the study are those prioritized in the cancer control plan for Colombia (PDCC-cancers). The collection, processing and systematization of the data were performed in accordance with internationally standardized parameters for population cancer registries. Incidence and mortality rates were calculated by gender, age and tumor location.Results: During 2010-2014 there were 22,379 new cancer cases recorded in the urban area of the municipality of Medellin, of which 43.5% corresponded to the PDCC-cancers. During the same period, 14,922 cancer deaths were reported, 23.5% related to the PDCC-cancers, 53.5% in women. Prostate cancer and breast cancer were the principal cause of morbidity in men and women, respectively, and lung cancer was the principal cause of death for both sexes.Conclusion: Cancer is a health problem for the population of Medellin. It is necessary to emphasize research and monitor risk factors, the health response and the capacity of the health provider network when facing the growing demand caused by this epidemic.
Acute leukemia is the most common childhood cancer and has been associated with exposure to environmental carcinogens. This study aimed to identify clusters of acute childhood leukemia (ACL) cases and analyze their relationship with proximity to industrial sources of air pollution in three capital cities in Colombia during 2000–2015. Incident ACL cases were obtained from the population cancer registries for the cities of Bucaramanga, Cali, and Medellín. The inventory of industrial sources of emissions to the air was obtained from the regional environmental authorities and industrial conglomerates were identified. The Kulldorf’s circular scan test was used to detect city clusters and to identify clusters around industrial conglomerates. Multivariable spatial modeling assessed the effect of distance and direction from the industrial conglomerates controlling for socioeconomic status. We identified industrials sectors within a buffer of 1 km around industrial conglomerates related to the ACL clusters. Incidence rates showed geographical heterogeneity with low spatial autocorrelation within cities. The spatio-temporal tests identified one cluster in each city. The industries located within 1 km around the ACL clusters identified in the three cities represent different sectors. Exposure to air pollution from industrial sources might be contributing to the incidence of ACL cases in urban settings in Colombia.
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