Reptiles are increasingly kept as pets in the UK and the majority of animals presented for veterinary attention have conditions with a bacterial basis, either as a primary infection or secondary to husbandry deficiencies. Culture and sensitivity tests can provide useful information for selecting treatment protocols, but the lack of published data reviewing the normal reptilian microflora means interpretation of results is subjective. This study publishes the results of culture and sensitivity results from all reptilian samples provided to a commercial pathology laboratory over a 24-month period and compares these data with the published literature to assist clinicians to determine appropriate treatment protocols. Results provided a wide range of cultured organisms, although trends were seen for varying anatomical locations, species and time of year. In addition, antibiotic sensitivity revealed some concerning trends.
Lung lobe torsion (LLT) is an uncommon condition, which typically affects deep chested dogs. However, LLT also occurs in small breed dogs with male pugs seemingly predisposed. The aetiology of LLT is poorly understood but it can be associated with respiratory disease, trauma, thoracic surgery, neoplasia and chylothorax.The clinical records at two referral centres were retrospectively reviewed for pugs diagnosed with LLT. Thirteen pugs were diagnosed with LLT over six years. The median age was 17 months (range 11 weeks to 7.25 years) with three dogs aged between 11 and 13 weeks. The most common clinical signs were tachypnoea (7/13) and dyspnoea (6/13). The median duration of clinical signs was 3.5 days (range 12 hours to 7 days). All dogs had surgical treatment with removal of the affected lung lobe (eight left cranial lung lobe, five right cranial lung lobe).Twelve dogs survived to discharge. One dog suffered cardiopulmonary arrest intra-operatively due to an unknown Brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome in dogs.This study examined complete case records of brachycephalic dogs presented to our clinic who were diagnosed and treated for brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome (BAOS) over a 6-year period (2008-2014) and reports long term clinical outcome of these cases following surgery.Twenty-eight brachycephalic dogs were reviewed. Information regarding breed, age, signalment, clinical signs, diagnosis, surgery and outcome were assessed. Breeds more commonly presented were English Bulldogs (16/28, Dogs that suffered PANS were significantly older then those that did not with a median age of 1073 days versus 287 days (<0.001). Similarly dogs that suffered seizures were significantly older than those that did not with a median age of 1180 days versus 301 days (P=0.001). In addition dogs that suffered seizures had displayed clinical signs for significantly longer (P=0.001) and dogs with both PANS and seizures had proportionally more severe HE scores. There were no significant associations between PANS or seizures and the type of CPSS, the degree of attenuation, plasma ammonia concen-tration or the use of pre-operative anti-seizure medication.
A four-year-old, female central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) was presented for evaluation of an ulcerated mass involving the left eyelid. Biopsies of the eyelid were performed and submitted for histopathology. Histopathology revealed a squamous cell carcinoma. Previous publications have described 12 cases of squamous cell carcinomas in bearded dragons, with nine located in the eyelids or periocular tissues. Imiquimod 5% cream (Aldara) is a novel immune response modifier that has been reported as a successful treatment for Bowen's disease in humans, and as a treatment option in cats with multicentric squamous cell carcinomas. In this case study, imiquimod 5% cream was applied to the lesion and clinical findings noted. Initial findings demonstrated a clinical response to imiquimod 5% cream, with a decrease in inflammation, tumour regression and the opening of the eyelids. A relapse occurred after 75 days with sudden deterioration, inflammation, closure of the eyelids and infection.
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