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Large samples of college students indicated the degree to which they would engage in a number of behaviors or cognitions if depressed. The rated items were gathered using procedures suggested by the behavioral-analytic model. Factor analyses were employed to categorize items into interpretable variables.Stepwise discriminant function analyses were performed to determine maximum separation of male and female groups. Results augmented previous findings in this area. Men and women showed distinct differences in the nature of their interpersonal behaviors as well as in cognitive styles for coping with depression. The findings suggest that there are sex differences in the expression of depression even in predominantly normal populations and reinforce the value of investigating theories of depression in the context of a continuity between normal mood states and depressive phenomena.We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the following individuals in various aspects of the study:

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Recent studies of hemisphere functioning among psychiatric patients have revealed an increasing level of impairment from depression to mania to schizophrenia, although clinical observation suggest that degree and type of impairment are substantially independent of psychiatric status. To test these hypotheses, £>-type factor analyses were performed on 25 neuropsychological variables for three samples of right-handed, adult psychiatric patients: an initial sample of 218 subjects; a within-laboratory replication sample of 175 subjects; and a crosslaboratory, cross-national replication sample of 102 subjects. The factor analysis classified 71% of the subjects into six groups with very strong within-and acrosslaboratory replications. Each group had a unique profile of competencies and . deficits that was independent of psychiatric status with the exception of one group comprised primarily of young, poorly educated males with histories of learning disability and drug abuse. It is argued that the development of a classification system with associated treatment interventions based on a patient's profile of competencies and deficits would optimize treatment outcome.Recent studies of hemisphere functioning among psychiatric patients have revealed significant differences in the type and degree of cerebral impairment as a function of diagnosis. Level of impairment has been found to increase from depression to mania to schizophrenia, with schizophrenics showing the greatest degree of generalized impairment (Flor-Henry, 1983;Flor-Henry, Fromm-Auch, & Schopflocher, 1983). In addition, specific types of psychopathology have been associated with specific areas of brain impairment. Tucker (1981) reviewed these data and suggested that schizophrenia is associated with left cerebral hemisphere dysfunction, whereas affective disorders are associated with right cerebral hemisphere dysfunction. The most The authors wish to thank D. Jones and S. Salisbury of Barrow Hospital for their valuable assistance in data collection, John Ernst for his help in data analysis, and Molly Warner for help in proofreading. Appreciation is expressed to Don Tucker for his scholarly advice in the preparation of the manuscript.