University nutrition policies are a useful step toward improving the food environment for students, faculty, and staff, leading to improved health outcomes for the campus community. As 1 of the first universities to adopt and implement a campus-wide nutrition policy, the objective of this report is to share the university's experience with policy development, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, challenges, facilitators, and recommendations to inform these processes for future university nutrition policies.

HighlightsMaternal food intake, body weights, and tissue weights were not affected by the dietary treatments.RU2 dams had alterations in liver zinc, copper, and calcium compared to the other treatment groups.Fetal and placental weights, and number of implantation sites and resorption sites per litter were similar across treatment groups.Offspring food intake, body weight, litter size, survival, sex, and skeletal development were similar among groups.EC1 and EC2 offspring had alterations in liver copper and iron (EC2 only). RU1 and RU2 had alterations in liver calcium.

Almonds provide a satiating, healthy source of fat and fiber. The postprandial metabolic and satiety response to 2 ounces of nuts or dairy was assessed in 18 overweight/obese women during late pregnancy. Serum glucose, triglycerides, insulin, c-peptide, leptin, ghrelin, and lipoprotein particles were measured prior to and during a 5-h postprandial period following the consumption of an isocaloric breakfast meal with equivalent amounts of fat from either nuts or dairy on two separate mornings. Satiety was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaires and ad libitum food intake at the end of the study. At 33 weeks gestation, the women had gained an average of 7.0 ± 4.4 kg during gestation. Body fat averaged 41.9 ± 5.5% and hemoglobin A1c levels were elevated, (7.2 ± 0.6%). Fasting glucose levels were normal, but hyperinsulinemia was evident. The two test meals did not affect the postprandial metabolic response, but glucose, triglyceride, and ghrelin concentrations changed with time during the postprandial period (p < 0.001, p = 0.0008, p = 0.006). Satiety measures did not differ between the two test meals. Consuming an isocaloric breakfast meal with equivalent amounts of fat from nuts or dairy did not alter postprandial levels of blood lipids, glucose, hormones, or measures of satiety in overweight/obese, pregnant women.

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Background and Purpose: Over half of women entering pregnancy are overweight or obese, increasing metabolic risk. This pilot study investigated whether established equations for estimating maternal percent body fat using anthropometry are accurate for Hispanic, overweight or obese pregnant women. Methods: The Siri technique of calculating percent body fat from direct measurements of body density and total body water was the gold-standard. Other pregnancy-specific equations were also examined. The study population included 15 normoglycemic, pregnant Hispanic women in their third trimester (33.2±1.9 gestational week) with a pre-pregnancy body mass index ≥25 to

The prevalence of metabolic disorders during pregnancy has increased concurrently with the rise in maternal obesity. Obese pregnant women are more prone to chronic metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, following pregnancy. Also, their babies are at greater risk for obesity and metabolic disorders later in life. Almonds provide a healthy source of dietary fat and carbohydrates. A number of clinical trials have also shown that almonds reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, and they promote vascular health and glycemic control. A cross‐over, randomized control trial examining the metabolic response to 2 oz of almond consumption versus dairy fat consumption in two standardized, isocaloric, equal macronutrient composition test meals was done in 18 overweight/obese (pre‐pregnancy BMI = 25‐40) women during 30‐36 weeks of gestation. Circulating concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, insulin, glucagon, and GLP‐1 were measured in the fasting state and during a 5‐hour postprandial period. Hormones involved in appetite, glucose and lipid metabolism (leptin, ghrelin, and c‐peptide) were also measured. Replacing cream cheese with almonds in an isocaloric, equivalent fat and carbohydrate meal had a minimal effect on postprandial lipids, glucose, and hormones. This suggests that the positive metabolic effects of almonds in previous feeding studies were likely related to shifts in the energy and macronutrient content of the overall diet in association with consuming almonds as a fiber‐rich, fat source. (Supported by the Almond Board of California).

Children treated for leukemia with bone marrow transplant (BMT) are exposed to multiple risk factors that have been shown to have direct or secondary effects on vitamin D serum levels and subsequently, bone mineral density (BMD). Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency has been associated with low bone mass and increased fracture rates in both adult and pediatric BMT recipients. The influence that dietary and supplemental vitamin D intake has on reducing BMD deficits in this specific patient population remains unclear. Our group retrospectively analyzed electronic medical record (EMR) and hard copy data from a population of leukemia survivors who underwent BMT at the UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland, over the span of three years post transplantation. Vitamin D intake and serum levels in addition to other dietary, medication, and clinical factors that may have impacted long‐term bone health in this population were analyzed. Preliminary results show that prior to transplantation mean total vitamin D intake did not meet the DRI of 15 mcg/day (12.3 ± 3.2) but was satisfied post BMT, largely due to supplement intake. The total intake of vitamin D greatly increased over time but this observation was not found to be significant (p=0.077). Mean serum vitamin D levels also increased over time, although this was not found to be significant (p=0.187). Spine BMD, Z‐scores and whole body BMD Z‐scores did not significantly change over time, however, whole body BMD did significantly increase over time (p=0.039). Spine BMD was found to have a moderate negative correlation with supplemental vitamin D intake (−0.576 / p=0.0017) at all time points. Spine BMD Z‐scores were found to have a moderate negative correlation with dietary vitamin D intake (−0.477 / p=0.012) at all time points. Whole body BMD Z‐scores were found to have a moderate negative correlation with total vitamin D (diet and supplement) intake (−0.381 / p=0.042) at all time points. Our preliminary analyses investigated single variables over time and suggest that changes in BMD may be attributed to multiple factors such as varied dietary intakes, extent of supplementation, and patient baseline characteristics. More in depth statistical modeling to investigate possible interactions between identified dietary, medication, and clinical variables that can impact BMD will provide a more accurate representation of potential causes and possible solutions in addressing the bone health of this at risk pediatric patient population.

Longitudinal studies of calcium metabolism during pregnancy (PG) have shown that maternal calcium (Ca) absorption increases progressively from the first to the third trimester to meet the needs of the developing fetus. This increase in calcium absorption is directly related to maternal Ca intake. However, even with this increase in absorption, maternal and fetal needs may not be met in women with chronically low Ca intakes (<500 mg/day). Low Ca intakes are not uncommon among women in the USA and may result in maternal bone mobilization. Studies of Ca intake and absorption among racially diverse pregnant women are limited. Thus, this cross‐sectional study was done to determine the effect of racial differences on Ca absorption during the third trimester of pregnancy. Forty women, 10 each from four racial groups (African‐American (AA), Asian, Caucasian, Latina) were recruited between 30–36 weeks gestation. The following outcomes were measured: Ca intake from validated FFQ, Ca absorption, 24 hour urinary Ca excretion, 25OH vitamin D, and bone resorption as assessed by C‐terminal telopeptide (CTx). Ca absorption was measured from a standardized breakfast meal providing 330 mg Ca using the dual stable isotope technique (44Ca oral & 42Ca IV). To date, 34 women have completed the study (6 AA, 8 Asian, 10 Caucasian, 10 Latina) and are presented herein. Preliminary results show that of the 4 groups, only Latina and AA women met the pregnancy Ca RDA. Fasting serum Ca averaged 10.4 ± 0.6 mg/dL in the group as a whole, and it was not associated with CTx or race (r=0.0019, p=NS). Ca absorption ranged from 28.6–80.6% in the whole group of 34 women, and it was not associated with the habitual Ca intake. However, there is an interaction between race, Ca intake and Ca absorption, suggesting that women of different race absorb Ca differently based on Ca intake. 25OH vitamin D was significantly higher (p=0.053) in Caucasian women (29.9 ± 6.5 ng/mL) compared to Asian women (21.3 ± 6.0 ng/mL), and it was inversely related to Ca absorption (p=0.044). 24 hour urinary Ca excretion averaged 163.6 ± 85.5 ug/mL in the whole group; it did not differ by racial group, but it was positively related to Ca absorption (p=0.016). Our preliminary results suggest that in this group of racially diverse women, Ca metabolism is highly variable (intake, absorption, and excretion), which has a larger influence on Ca metabolism parameters than any potential effect due to race.Support or Funding InformationSupported by USDA #2009‐02925