Purpose The Third Consensus Conference on the Safety of Intravenous Drug Delivery Systems was convened to evaluate the benefits and risks of available systems and assess ongoing threats to the safety of intravenous drug delivery. Summary The Third Consensus Conference on the Safety of Intravenous Drug Delivery Systems convened in Chicago, Illinois in November 2018. An expert panel of healthcare providers with experience in medication quality and safety, pharmacy and nursing operations, information technology, and/or sterile compounding led the conference. An experienced audience of approximately 30 healthcare leaders provided feedback to the panel via preconference survey and during the conference. Additionally, expert speakers presented on a range of issues, including the effects of drug shortages, the impact of standards and guidelines, and patient and administrator perspectives on the importance of intravenous drug delivery safety. Conclusion At the end of the conference, the expert panel concluded that manufacturer ready-to-use products remain the safest intravenous drug delivery system due to their many benefits and low overall risk profile. The panel identified various ongoing threats to the safety of intravenous drug delivery, with major concerns including the impact of drug shortages and lack of intravenous product standardization. Finally, the panel agreed upon a series of statements designed to advance the safety of intravenous drug delivery in healthcare institutions.
Health care-acquired infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in all patient care settings. In 2009, a consensus conference was held to evaluate practices and recommendations for the prevention and control of one specific type of health care-acquired infections, those associated with central catheter use. The conference had 2 purposes--to provide a tool for quality changes within health care institutions regarding central catheter infections and to empower those who are responsible for implementing policies needed to reduce the risk of these infections. The findings of the expert panel assembled for the conference are presented in this article.
Capturing the best practices in an academic and pharmaceutical industry drug information center, and in turn, incorporating them into improved methodical work procedures and current services, is a goal for most drug information centers. The best practices should represent the most efficient and productive means of providing drug information. Knowing this information helps to improve workflow, decrease costs, increase overall productivity and projiciency, and improve employee and customer satisfaction. In order to critically evaluate the current situation and fully comprehend the established practice standards, an evaluation survey was conducted. Two separate surveys were sent electronically or fared to both academic and industry drug information departments. The survey focused on utilization of the drug information center within the department, practice procedures and resources utilized in answering drug information requests, training and evaluation of employees, means of providing quality assurance, and technical and operational logistics. A description and results of this survey are described.
It is estimated that enuresis occurs in 5 to 7 million children in the United States. The treatment approach for enuresis is controversial, in large part due to a lack of consensus as to the exact cause of enuresis. Several factors either alone or together may contribute to this syndrome. In addition, there is strong evidence of a genetic component to enuresis. Pharmacotherapy continues to be the preferred treatment for both physicians and families. The most widely used drugs include antidepressants, anticholinergics, and desmopressin. The tricyclic antidepressant imipramine has been used extensively since the 1960s. The exact mechanism of action in enuresis is unknown although it appears to be related to the anticholinergic and antispasmodic effects of the drug. The most common adverse effects reported with imipramine include personality changes, insomnia, anorexia and anxiety. There has been renewed interest in antidiuretic treatment of enuresis. Researchers have found that enuretic children do not have the ability to reduce urine volume at night or concentrate the urine they produce during the night. Clinical trials with desmopressin administered by nasal inhalation report a marked reduction in enuretic episodes. Adverse effects were limited to nasal complaints, rhinitis, or epistaxis. Additional long term studies are needed to delineate desmopressin's role in therapy. Although the number of options for treatment of enuresis is expanding, criteria to predict patient response need to be defined.
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