The purpose of this article is to review the profes-causes of this frequently used label. A total of 69 sional literature related to the identification of characteristics and 38 causes were cited, evidenccauses and characteristics of attention deficit dis-ing no clear-cut pattern for identifying the conorder (ADD) in school-age learners. Forty-eight dition and little agreement for what causes ADD. articles and books written by leading authors in Implications for current practices of diagnosis and the field were synthesized to determine the extent treatment as well as future research directions are of agreement regarding the characteristics and discussed.