Office-based surgeon-performed ultrasound-guided FNA of palpable lesions in the head and neck yields a statistically significant higher diagnostic rate compared to standard palpation technique. Our institutional experience supports the utility of surgeon-performed ultrasound as a core competency in clinical practice.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether home-based repeated reading with an audio model is a significant supplement to the literacy instructional program of second-language learners. It was hypothesized that beginning firstgrade readers who spoke English as a second language would benefit from having daily access to repeated reading in their home environment. To provide this access, books that had been shared in school were given to students for daily home use. After home rereading routines were established, students were then given a tape recorder and audiotapes to accompany these books. This enabled students to hear the English storybook as they followed along looking at the printed text. Of specific interest in this study was the effect of repeated reading with an auditory model on first-grade students' reading fluency and self-monitoring behavior. Also of interest was the effect of this school/home reading activity on student reading motivation and behavior. This 19-week study employed a single-subject reversal design (ABA) with multiple baselines across individuals. Home-based repeated reading of books (A/Baseline) was compared to the home reading of books with audiotapes (B/Intervention). The study involved a single subject and four replications. Results from this study indicate that all five participating second-language learners received substantial benefit from the opportunity to practice reading books 535 536 Journal of Reading Behaviorwith audiotapes at home. It appears that the support provided by the audiotapes enabled students to fluently read increasingly more difficult texts.Data from the 1990 U.S. Census indicate that 9 million immigrant youth enrolled in U.S. public schools over the last decade. Most often they are poor and many are survivors of war, civil strife, or economic depression. Recent immigrants come from extremely diverse cultures. Asian/Pacific Islander presence in the United States increased more than 100% from 1980 to 1990, and Hispanic populations went up by more than 50% during that same period. According to the National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education (NCBE), in some of this country's largest school districts, about one of every three students is classified as a language-minority student. If school enrollment reflects population projections, the 1990 U.S. Census reveals that this figure may increase to one of every two students by the year 2000. Many of these recent immigrants lack communication skills in English and therefore have difficulty participating in school activities, particularly those related to literacy learning. The educational future of these second-language learners may well be "at risk." Since reading provides essential access to gaining information and developing independence in learning, designing educational environments which support the literacy learning of culturally and linguistically diverse students must be a high priority (Gersten & Jimenez, 1994;O'Flahavan, 1994).Traditionally, second-language learners have been taught sepa...

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OBJECTIVE To perform a cross-sectional survey to estimate prevalence of and potential risk factors for Leptospira spp infection and exposure in peri-urban wildlife throughout California. ANIMALS 723 animals representing 12 wildlife species. PROCEDURES Blood and urine samples were obtained from wildlife in California from 2007 to 2017. Live animals were captured in humane traps, anesthetized, and released. Carcasses were donated by wildlife services and necropsied for urine, blood, and kidney tissue samples. Samples were tested for antibodies against 6 serovars of Leptospira spp with a microscopic agglutination test and for pathogenic Leptospira spp DNA with a real-time PCR assay targeting the LipL32 gene. Potential risk factors for Leptospira spp exposure were assessed by logistic regression. Genetic relatedness of Leptospira spp were assessed with DNA sequencing of the rrs2 gene and multiple locus sequence analysis. RESULTS Statewide Leptospira spp seroprevalence was 39.1%, and prevalence of positive PCR assay results for Leptospira spp DNA was 23.0%. Risk factors for Leptospira spp exposure included being an adult, being from northern California, and being a western gray squirrel, coyote, striped skunk, raccoon, gray fox, or mountain lion. Antibodies against serovar Pomona predominated in most species, followed by serovar Copenhageni. Complete rrs2 sequences were identified as Leptospira interrogans and multiple locus sequence type analysis revealed sequence type 140. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Pathogenic Leptospira spp appeared to be common and widespread among peri-urban wildlife in California. Our data highlight the potential for exposure to infectious disease for both humans and domestic animals at the urban-wildland interface.

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