In order to be successful in problem-or project-based learning (PBL), students must take responsibility for the learning process by setting goals, monitoring, reflecting, and sustaining their motivation from the beginning of the project until the end. However, for many students, these processes do not occur naturally or easily. Therefore, the learning environment and teaching practices in PBL must be designed with intention to support students' self-regulated learning (SRL). This paper describes specific learning environment features and teaching practices that have been shown to foster student responsibility for learning in each phase of PBL, with the purpose of providing educators with guidance for developing SRL in PBL, and ultimately, student motivation and ability to learn. To accomplish this, a theoretical model of the relationship between PBL and SRL is presented, along with research-driven guidelines on how to promote student responsibility for learning in PBL.

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A practical immunocytochemical method of demonstrating surface antigens of human blood cells on air-dried smears or other cytologic preparations has been developed. This method uses monoclonal antibodies as the primary antibodies and calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase as the enzymatic indicator. Combined staining with cytochemical stains for myeloperoxidase or nonspecific esterase on the same slide is also possible when needed. These methods are very useful for accurate identification of human blood cells on the commonly available clinical specimens and are very helpful in the diagnosis and classification of various hematologic neoplasms, including chronic lymphocytic leukemias, acute leukemias, and related diseases.

A simple immunocytochemical method using calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase as the enzymatic indicator to demonstrate surface antigens on human blood cells has been developed. The blood cells were labeled with cell specific monoclonal antibodies followed by linkage with an antiimmunoglobulin alkaline phosphatase conjugate. Cytochemical demonstration of alkaline phosphatase activity on the blood cells reflects the presence of surface antigens on these cells. The effects on the cytochemical reaction of fixation, substrates, couplers, activators and inhibitors, and storage of cytologic materials have been examined systematically. The best staining conditions are to incubate labeled smears in a 0.04 M barbital buffer at pH 7.6 containing 30 mg% naphthol AS-TR phosphate, 40 mg% fast red ITR, and 1 mM levamisole. This method is both sensitive and specific and appears most practical for objective identification of the human blood cells.