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Background and Objective: Child abuse is not an uncommon issue for pediatrics; rather, it is a major public health worry all over the world. An apparent form of maltreatment with children is child sexual abuse (CSA), which has negative consequences on both the short and long-term health consequences, apparent in both physical and mental disorders. This study is particularly important to determine the demographic and medico-legal aspects of sexual abuse of children in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt, which has clinical implications for pediatricians, psychiatrists working with children.Methods: This is a multi-faceted study that was conducted among children by the Forensic Medical Authority (FMA) in Fayoum Governorate. This study is a descriptive case-series analysis of child sexual-abuse cases documented over the last five years (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014).Results: The total number of cases was 15 victims; 80% were males and 20% were females. Most assaults occurred in 2010 (20%), 2013 and 2014 (33%). The samples selected was at a mean age of 8 years and the range of ages varied from 5 months to 15 years; 12 (80%) were males and 3 (20%) were females. A total of 40% of the victims were related to the urban areas, and 60% of the victims were from rural areas. Physical signs were found in 26.7% of the victims in the form of abrasion and bruises in the face, forearm and leg, while such signs were absent in 73.3% of the selected sample. The perianal sign was found in 80% of the victims while it was absent in 20% of them. Conclusion:The study has shown that the rate of parental illiteracy of the selected sample was higher than it was for others (the general population), which seems to be one of the causes of the issue. The main victims are the children whose ages range from 6-12 years.

Background and objective: The present study is determining the effect of Nandrolone Decanoate (ND) administration on the liver and kidney of white male albino rats. In addition, study the possible protective effect of administration of Antox and Silymarin on ND.

Background: Rotenone, a chemical compound produced naturally by leguminous plants, has conventionally been used as a pesticide by blocking the uptake of oxygen by body cells. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of spirulina on oxidative damage, inflammation, and neurotoxicity in male mice treated by rotenone. Methods: The experimental animals were divided into 5 groups. Group (I) served as control that received Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO); Group (II) mice treated with rotenone (1.5 mg/kg, s.c.3 times per week); Group (III) mice received rotenone/L-dopa (25 mg/kg, P.O. daily); Group (IV) and Group (V) mice were treated with rotenone/spirulina (200 and 400 mg/kg, P.O. daily) respectively for two weeks. Results: Rotenone-treated mice indicated impaired motor coordination and activity in wire hanging, wood walking, open field, and stair tests. Furthermore, rotenone treatment caused elevation in striatal levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NO), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α), Interleukin -1 beta (IL-1β), and caspase 3 and decrement in Bcl-2; dopamine and Glutathione (GSH) levels. Moreover, severe neuronal degeneration, striatal DNA fragmentation, and increased striatal 8-OHdG levels and MTH1 expression in the rotenone group. Additionally, spirulina treatment prevented rotenone-induced motor deficits striatal DNA fragmentation and demonstrated good restoration of the substantial neurons with reservation of the typical dark appearance. Besides, rotenone-induced biochemical changes were ameliorated by spirulina treatment as dopamine, Bcl-2, and GSH levels were increased, and striatal MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, and caspase 3 levels were decreased. Conclusion: Natural products like spirulina could reverse rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in male mice due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Background: Common cumulative neurological diseases and their effects on motor control in general and handwriting in particular. This research aims to introduce the fundamental aspects of common neurological disease as the basis for understanding why and how handwriting changes in the presence of disease. Methods: This is the prospective research which study changes of handwriting over 30 neurological patients as (Parkinsonism disease, Essential tremor, and Ataxia) Fayoum Governorate. Results: Among the study group, the mean age was (55.4±15.8) years, with 22 (73.3%) were males and 8(26.7%) were females. The present study documents that among all neurological cases included in the study, (10%) of them show the moderate change in neglecting some letters, tendency to small letters, and lack of control to punctuate characters. As regards tremor, 50% had moderate to high change. Not adhering to the line of printed moderate change represents 16.7%, and 6.7% shows the moderate change in pressure of writing. Also, this research illustrated that inbetween parkinsonism cases (30%) of they show the moderate change in neglecting some letters, lack of control to punctuate characters and not to adhere to the line of printed, also 10% moderate change in the tendency to small letters. As regards tremor, 90% had moderate to high change. Conclusion: Rehabilitation programs for handwriting problems in neurology disease patients are likely to be helpful. More extensive randomized studies are needed to confirm these results.