Heavy metals such as Cu(II) and Mn(II) are prevalent in the environment. The effect of heavy metals on the soils environment is based on the ability of soils to mobilize these contaminants. According to the soil decontamination perspective, examining the reaction technique between heavy metals and soil is indispensable. This study carried out experiments to investigate Cu(II) and Mn(II) adsorption behaviour in quartz sand. The isothermal adsorption results for Cu(II) and Mn(II) presented that the adsorption capacity reached the peak value when the initial concentration was about 10 mg/L. The declines of H+ ions could uprise the adsorption rate activity for Cu(II) and Mn(II) and decrease the soil ability of the desorption for Cu(II) and Mn(II) ions. The adsorption rate of Cu(II) and Mn(II) is lower than the desorption rate under the situation of a low pH range with a solid acidic and low concentration of Cu(II) and Mn(II). The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models were applied to investigate the adsorption isotherm of Cu(II) and Mn(II). The study results confirmed that the Freundlich model synchronous the best with the observed experimental data compared with the Langmuir solution.
The groundwater is the primary source for irrigation and other purposes in the Gaza Strip. The low irrigational water quality effects on the soil quality, which interrupts the growth of plants impacting agricultural yield and can cause risk to human health. Thus, it is essential to evaluate the water quality for irrigation uses. Therefore, it is a need to understand irrigation water quality better. This study mainly focuses on the assessment of the suitability of water for irrigation. Water quality indices, known as sodium adsorption ratio, exchangeable sodium per cent (SSP or %Na), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelly’s rate (KR), permeability index (PI), chloroalkaline indices (CAI1 and CAI2), potential salinity (PS), magnesium hazard (MH), total dissolved solids (TDS) and total hardness (TH), have been calculated for several wells. The majority of the wells are falling under the wrong category of water for irrigation purposes.
In our work, a preliminary hydrogeological investigation was carried out to identify the thermal bath of Hajdúdorog’s hydrogeological setting and analyze the area which it is in. Literature review was performed to understand the geological, hydrogeological conditions as well as analyzing the production wells of the bath themselves. Based on the analysis a simple hydrodynamic modeling was performed to better understand the magnitude of the volume of water that can be extracted without disturbing the nearby Hajdúnánás Bath. Based on Our results, the Hajdúdorog Bath can produce more water from the aquifer to initiate infrastructural expansion for the future.
In our work, a chemical analysis of the thermal water of Hajdúdorog was performed to identify the therapeutic possibilities of the water. Two sampling campaigns were performed in August 2021 and March 2022. The chemical composition and characteristic of thermal water were determined in situ on-site and in labor investigations. According to the chemical analysis, we found the water type of thermal water is very rare, called NaCl type like the seawater. Its rareness is known by Lajos Marton (Marton, 2009; Marton, 2013), only 3,5% of the thermal waters of the Hungarian Great Plain can be grouped into the sodium chloride water type. But the high bromine (0.9 mg/l) and its supposed iodine content of the thermal water can make it unique in therapeutic application. Some trace metals (Cu, Fe, Mn) also increase the healing effect of water.
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