All of the essential technological means of treating grapes, must and wine were examined systematically. The main reasons for the differences in the arsenic (As) content of rosé and red wines are explained. In this study a relationship has been found between the As level and the wine-making technique. Rosé wines contain more As than red wines because they require a shorter period of contact with the skins. In order to prove this, the average values for the rosé and red wine samples from the same winery were compared.
In order to evaluate the relationship of the hydrogen and lactate concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with those in the blood, three groups of children were studied: Group I, (n=20) with purulent meningitis (PM); Group II, (n=20) with metabolic acidosis and Group III, (n=17) with suspicion of septicemia but no metabolic acidosis. In all infants a CSF sample was obtained for cytochemical analysis, culture as well as pH and lactate determinations; the latter two were also measured in a blood sample obtained simultaneously. In group I, the CSF [H+] and [lactate] were higher than in the blood (p less than 0.001 and less than 0.01 respectively) and no significant correlation was observed between the CSF and blood values. In group II, no such differences existed in [H+] and [lactate] between both compartments and again no correlation was disclosed between CSF and blood values. In group III only the [H+] was higher in CSF than in blood (p less than 0.01) and a significant correlation was observed between both compartments (r = 0.486, p less than 0.05). The existence of differences in group I among the CSF and blood [H+] and [lactate], along with the lack of correlation between CSF and blood [H+] or [lactate], could suggest that such compartmental changes are independent from each other. However, the variations were quite large and thus, the biological significance of this observation could be questioned.
Objective: Binder syndrome is a rare congenital malformation presenting an abnormal maxilla´s development associated to other characteristical facial features, like absence or decreased nasal bridge, short nasal columella, convex upper lip with associated dental Angle Class III malocclusion, atrophy of the nasal mucosa, and absence of the frontal sinus. Mental retardation and other clinical signs may also be present. Two cases of Binder syndrome were diagnosed at 22 weeks of gestation during the second trimester ultrasound (2D). Cases Report: The first feature detected, in both cases, was a flattened fetal nose in the mid-sagittal plane. Further controls objectivated absence of the naso-frontal angle and a mild hypertelorism. In both cases the parents were informed of the findings and the impossibility of excluding other associated features diagnosed after birth. Once the differential diagnosis was performed, one of the couples decided to terminate the pregnancy. The findings postmortem confirmed the diagnosis. In the second case, the newborn presented the phenotype previously detected, however, a normal psychomotor development was eventually evidenced. Conclusion: The Binder syndrome is an uncommon clinical entity with a recognizable congenital condition characterized by a retruded midface and an extremely flat nose. The exact birth prevalence remains unknown. It is important to understand that Binder's syndrome has a variable prognosis, depending on the other associated features it presents. When diagnosed, an accurate differential diagnosis has to be performed.
adverse effect of occupational exposure. Research have suggested carcinogenic potential of some forms of CNTs (MWCNT-7 Mitsui) and asbestos-like pathogenesis. Studying epigenetic alterations (e.g. DNA methylation) could provide important additional evidence to determine CNT toxicity and disease progression. Methods To understand epigenetic effects of CNT (SWCNT and MWCNT), we designed a translational study incorporating in vitro and in vivo experiments. The changes were compared to results of asbestos exposure study. Changes in DNA methylation were studied at global (LC/MS-MS), genome wide (illumina 450 K), sequence specific levels (bisulfite pyrosequenceing). Changes in gene expression were studied using RNA-Seq. Finally, signatures obtained from these studies were validated in 23 workers exposed to MWCNT. Result In vitro, CNTs and asbestos induced gene specific DNA methylation changes. Asbestos exposure induced alterations in genes associated with Rho mediated signal transduction, HOX genes, WNT genes. Methylation and transcriptomic profiles of CNT exposed cells revealed alterations in DNA damage repair, tp53, cell cycle, protein phosphorylation pathways. Additionally, CNTs induced sequence specific changes in promoter region of several key genes including DNMT1, HDAC4, ATM, MAP3K10, PIK3R2 and MYO1C. Some of the genes, specifically ATM was also differentially methylated by SWCNTs and MWCNTs in the in vivo study. Based on these result, we studied some of these markers in MWCNT exposed workers, where we observed significant changes in sequence specific methylation for DNMT1, ATM, SKI and HDAC4 promoter CpGs. Conclusion Epigenetic cell responses provides important insights in potential health risks and underlying mechanisms. Hence, many of these genes have been associated with occupational asbestos and smoking induced diseases and cancer. Further research needs to confirm whether methylation alterations in this set of genes can be used in monitoring changes associated CNT exposure and effect.
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