Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a great challenge for the anesthesiologist during the perioperative period, since its presence directly impacts in patients mortality and morbidity, even after its resolution as a result of multiples factors. Furthermore, it is characterized by coexisting with a great variety of systemic alterations, which add special difficulty to its study and understanding. During perioperative period there may be ischemic insult and non-ischemic insult, on the other hand, volume overload (hypervolemia) can also cause alteration on kidney function by modifying the consumption and delivery of renal oxygen. Throughout, some of the most important points for understanding this topic are presented in the present paper.
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