The development of prospective, thermal insulating plasters that are applied during the reconstruction and rehabilitation of structures has taken place at the Faculty of Civil Engineering for many years. The main objective of the research work is to achieve the best ratio of thermal and mechanical properties, including high porosity. During the development of this test, testing recipes were tested, which were often used as alternative input materials. On the basis of the achieved results, optimal recipes were proposed with the stated requirements for heat insulation, mechanical properties and porosity. Due to the fact that during the reconstruction this often concerns structures loaded by increased structure, then such materials must have high open porosity. The article describes the study of moisture behaviour, particularly capillary activity for light thermal insulating plasters with the use of alternative raw material sources.
Most masonry materials exhibit a relatively high open porosity and water absorption which in case of flooding of the building with water leads to an enormous increase in the moisture content in the masonry, which has a negative impact on its properties and often also on its lifespan. With the modification of the properties of masonry elements and surface coatings as well as the choice of appropriate technology, foundation masonry and brickwork can radically reduce the absorption of the whole structure and largely eliminate the risk of structural damage during the flooding. The paper deals with the development of water-repellent masonry units and construction of watertight and waterproof masonry structures.
Natural fibres have been used in plaster reinforcement throughout history. The paper deals with the development of natural fibre reinforced thermal insulation plasters. Given the ongoing research in plaster mixes, there was an effort to develop thermal insulation plasters utilising not only alternative binders but also natural fibres produced in farming. Fibres were both of plant as well as animal origin. The goal of this development of the natural fibre reinforced thermal insulation plasters was to design materials with reduced energy costs, suitable for insulation and rehabilitation of buildings and with good physical, mechanical and thermal insulation properties. Furthermore, thanks to the use of alternative binders and natural fibres, these plasters can be considered environmentally friendly.
With development and reconstruction of traffic routes there has recently been an increased need for noise reduction measures, out of which the most effective one appears to be the construction of noise barriers that prevent sound propagation from its source and (in case of sound absorbing barriers) absorb sound and thus reduce the noise load near the sound source (around a traffic route). The manufacturing of noise barriers often enables the use of secondary raw materials and thus to reduce the energy and material costs of their production as well as decrease the environmental impact. An interesting option is the use of recycled concrete that is suitable for production of concrete with open structure to be used in the absorber layer of a sound barrier and can even be used in the structural layer as well. The paper describes the possibilities of using recycled concrete in the production of sound absorbing barriers with a high degree of sound absorption.
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