One of the primary factors affecting the food consumption patterns is the consumers' ability to purchase food. The last two decades have witnessed major increases in the per capita income levels of households all over the world.A question that arises in our research is whether economic factors are still the only factors that determine the world consumption, especially in Slovakia.In this regard, it is important to take note of the studies of Bansback (1995), Huston (1999), Braschler (1983 and Dickinson et al. (2003), who showed that the non-economic factors (i.e. non price/income factors) are becoming more important in the recent period in determining the consumers' purchasing decisions. For example, in a study by Bansback (1995) on the demand for meat in the EU, he showed that, for the period 1955 to 1979, price and income factors accounted for a higher proportion of the explanation of the changes in meat consumption than for the period 1975 to 1994.Demand, the influence of which on the whole system of production, processing, and distribution of agriproducts is constantly increasing, is a decisive factor determining the amount and quality of agricultural production, as well as the market price conditions and costs. The finalizing chain links, which further their interests in the pre-production phases and input sectors of the food production system, achieve the decisive position. Consumer demand can be considered the primary one. The demand of consumers crucially influences the amount and structure of production and supply, both in time and space.In order to achieve success in the domestic and foreign market, producers and distributors should be aware of the consumer behaviour, and have a good command of efficient methods of influencing it to gain the benefit. Consumers make daily many decisions about their purchase. Nagyová et al. (2007) state that the majority of big traders pay their careful attention to receiving the information about their consumers' behaviour -where, when, how, how much, and why they do their shopping. The identification of the key factors influencing the demand on the consumers' level of the product vertical line is a conditio sine qua non of the demand analysis. It is based on the theory of Modelling consumer's behaviour of the meat consumption in SlovakiaRenata BENDA PROKEINOVA, Martina HANOVA Department of Statistics and Operation Research, Faculty of Economics and Management, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak RepublicAbstract: Th ere exists a plenty extensive theoretical and empirical literature on what determines the consumption levels over time and across countries, but less research into the changes in the consumption patterns (i.e. the mix of diff erent goods and services that is purchased). To better understand how changing incomes and prices infl uenced the consumption patterns, the contribution estimates the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) models. Th e aim of the paper is to fi nd patterns and preference changes in the consumer demand for meat in Slovak...
Objective: The aim of the study was to identify similar WHO European countries in COVID-19 incidence and mortality rate during the first 12 peak weeks of pandemic outbreak to find out whether exact coherent parts of Europe were more affected than others, and to set relationship between age and higher COVID-19 mortality rate.Methods: COVID-19 cases and deaths from 28 February to 21 May 2020 of 37 WHO European countries were aggregated into 12 consecutive weeks. The fuzzy C-means clustering was performed to identify similar countries in COVID-19 incidence and mortality rate. Pearson productmoment correlation coefficient and log-log linear regression analyses were performed to set up relation between COVID-19 mortality rate and age. Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon) test was used to explore differences between countries possessing higher mortality rate and age.Results: Based on the highest value of the coefficient of overall separation five clusters of similar countries were identified for incidence rate, mortality rate and in total. Analysis according to weeks offered trends where progress of COVID-19 incidence and mortality rate was visible. Pearson coefficient (0.69) suggested moderately strong connection between mortality rate and age, Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon) test proved statistically significant differences between countries experiencing higher mortality rate and age vs. countries having both indicators lower (p < 0.001). Loglog linear regression analysis defined every increase in life expectancy at birth in total by 1% meant growth in mortality rate by 22% (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Spain, Belgium and Ireland, closely followed by Sweden and Great Britain were identified as the worst countries in terms of incidence and mortality rate in the monitored period. Luxembourg, Belarus and Moldova accompanied the group of the worst countries in terms of incidence rate and Italy, France and the Netherland in terms of mortality rate. Correlation analysis and the Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon) test proved statistically significant positive relationship between mortality rate and age. Log-log linear regression analysis proved that higher age accelerated the growth of mortality rate.
The experiment was designed to investigate the effects of feed supplementation with selenite or selenized yeast on eggs quality of laying hens. Hens of laying breed Isabrown were randomly divided at the day of hatching into 4 groups (n=12) and fed ad libitum for 9 months on diets which differed only in amounts or forms of selenium supplemented. Hens were fed from 1 st day by standard feed mixture. Control group get only native dose of selenium (0.1 mg/kg) naturally presented in feed mixtures. First experimental group get selenium addition 0.4 mg/kg in a form of sodium selenite, second one the same dose of 0.4 mg/kg but in organic form of Se-yeast. The diet for the fourth group was supplemented with Se-yeast at Se dose 0.9 mg/kg DM. Kurčatá znáškového hybrida Isabrown boli náhodne rozdelené do 4 skupín (n = 12) a od 1.dňa života kŕmené po dobu 9 mesiacov kŕmnou zmesou s prídavkami rozdielnych množstiev alebo foriem Se. Sliepky boli kŕmené štandardnými kompletnými kŕmnymi zmesami pre odchov a neskôr v chove zmesou pre vajcia produkujúce nosnice ad libitum. Sliepky v kontrolnej skupine prijímali kompletnú kŕmnu zmes s natívnou dávkou Se, v prvej experimentálnej skupine bol prídavok Se vo forme seleničitanu sodného v množstve 0,4 mg/kg sušiny, v druhej experimentálnej skupine bola zmes obohatená o Se v dávke 0,4 mg/kg sušiny, ale vo forme organickým Se obohateného kvasničného extraktu, v tretej experimentálnej skupine dostávali sliepky zmes obohatenú o selenizované kvasnice v dávke 0,9 mg/kg sušiny, teda nad limit povolený EÚ. V pokuse boli sledované ukazovatele: hmotnosť vajec (g), merná hmotnosť vajec (g/cm 3 ), hmotnosť škrupiny (g), merná hmotnosť škrupiny (g/cm 3 ), percentuálny podiel škrupiny (%), pevnosť škrupiny (N/cm 2 ) a priemerná hrúbka škrupiny (µm). Pri hmotnosti vajca sa štatisticky významne (p<0,05) prejavil priaznivý vplyv oboch dávok organickej formy Se. Štatisticky nižšia pevnosť škrupiny bola v experimentálnych skupinách s prídavkom Se v oboch formách, pri priemernej hrúbke škrupiny boli rozdiely medzi jednotlivými skupinami štatisticky nevýznamné (p>0,05). V súčasnosti sa venuje zvýšená pozornosť vplyvu výživy na zdravie v súvislosti s príjmom antioxidantov zabraňujúcich tvorbe škodlivých oxidačných procesov v organizme, ako sú vitamíny (A, E, C), fenolové zlúčeniny, taníny, flavonoidy aj množstvo ďalších rastlinných antioxidantov a esenciálnych stopových prvkov ako zinok (Zn), meď (Cu), selén (Se), ktoré sú súčasťou antioxidačných enzýmov. Vzhľadom na zákaz antibiotík a chemoterapeutík pri výrobe hydinového mäsa a vajec, zvyšuje sa potreba hľadať vhodnú a hlavne bezpečnú alternatívu. Preto najmä výživa musí byť tou zložkou, ktorá svojím množstvom, kvalitou a koncentráciou všetkých potrebných zložiek pri ich vysokej utilizácii bude zabezpečovať optimálny prejav úžitkových vlastností. Jednou z možností je suplementácia kŕmnych zmesí organickými formami stopových prvkov. V posledných rokoch sa značne používal ako prídavok do kŕmnych zmesí hospodárskych zvierat práve anorganický Se. V tejt...
Exists plenty of the theoretical and empirical literature on what determines consumption levels over time and across countries, but less research into changes in consumption patterns. To better understand how changing incomes and prices influenced consumption patterns, we estimate Almost Ideal Demand System models. Aim of the paper is to find patterns and preference changes in the consumer demand for foodstuff in Slovakia. From the methodological aspect we used important items of the demand and for consumers behavior analysis we computed elasticity coefficients by using model AIDS. Computed elasticities showed that all foodstuff items had a positive income elasticity of demand.
Progress in information and communication technology (ICT) has caused many structural changes such as reorganizing of globalization, economics or trade extension. Personal computers and the Internet provide the equipment and connectivity that allows companies to benefit from ICTs. The impact of ICT on business efficiency is the subject of many studies and statistical surveys. Some studies demonstrate a clear return on investment in ICT. Other surveys show the benefits of ICT, but there are no specificities, that lead to ICT efficiency maximization.Information and communication technology is a broad area, so we will focus mainly on the use of computers and computer networks, the use of the Internet and the promotion through the web site, which are partial parts of our survey. The survey focused on the agriculture section, because other economic activities are mapped relatively well by official statistical surveys.The findings of the research indicate progress in the use of computers and computer networks over a similar survey realized in 2009. It is also possible to claim this in the case of website promotion. However, it is still possible to conclude that agriculture is lagging behind in comparison with other economic activities.
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