West Kalimantan has to swear words that are considered unique in each region. The habit of using swear words that are usually done by the community is something that is considered taboo so far. However, swear words can contain negative and positive values, which are often said in everyday life. Swearing or swear a word is a form of venting for someone's frustration and disappointment that is buried in the heart because of an unpleasant situation. This study aimed to describe the forms of a swear words in the Malay language of West Kalimantan. The method used in this study was a qualitative descriptive method. The data was obtained through a literature review and direct interviews with engaging and taking notes. The study results showed that Malay cursing in West Kalimantan community is very varied and has local wisdom. Swear word in Malay is obtained in the form of references, namely state or nature, animal, body parts, activity, professional, and subtle creature.

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SummarySeveral studies in vitro and in vivo suggest that the nitric oxide (NO) production is impaired in diabetes mellitus. Reduced levels of NO could contribute to vascular alteration facilitating platelet-vascular wall interaction, adhesion of monocytes to endothelium, vascular smooth muscle proliferation and by decreasing endothelium-dependent vasodilation. In this study we evaluated the activity of the constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) in platelets of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). When compared to that of normal subjects, cNOS activity is significantly lower in patients with IDDM and with NIDDM (1.57 ± 0.25 vs. 0.66 ± 0.10 fmol/min/10 9 PLTs and 1.57 ± 0.25 vs. 0.67 ± 0.08, respectively; p <0.005). These data demonstrate that the platelet cNOS activity is decreased in diabetes mellitus.

Objective: In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of Elettaria cardamom oil and the underlying mechanism using in vivo models of inflammation.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 4-6 weeks old, weighing 120-130 gms are used for the study. The anti-inflammatory study of E. cardamom oil was studied by injecting 0.1 ml of 1% carrageenan to the subplantar region of the right hind paw of rats. The development of acute inflammation was measured at the end of every 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th , 5 th , and 6 th h using plethysmometer. Results:As results from the above study, E. cardamom oil at a dose of 0.175 ml/kg was less significant than that of E. cardamom oil at a dose of 0.280 ml/kg when given orally. A p<0.05 shows a significant decrease in paw edema. It also reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL) 1, and IL 6 levels in the serum. The histopathology results also showed a significant reduction of congested blood vessels with no marked impression for inflammation.Conclusion: E. cardamom oil possesses anti-inflammatory activity in dose-dependent manner as they inhibit the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Purpose-This study aims to analyze the contribution of revenue and consumption cost of soybean farmers. Design/Methodology/Approach-Data analysis was done by quantitative descriptive analysis. Data were obtained in the form of numbers then the results of the obtained data were presented in the form of a systematic description. The sample in this study is the entire population of soybean farmers in Muara Batu, Aceh Utara by using census method as much as 50 farmers. Findings-The results showed that the contribution of soybean farm revenue amounted to 6.94%, nonsoybean farming amounted to 48.12%, and out farm activities amounted to 44.94%. This indicates that soybean farming activities are enough to contribute to increase the family revenue. Meanwhile, the average amount of household cost for food is 16,696,800 IDR/Year and for non-food is 8,397,500 IDR/Year. The analysis shows that although the contribution of soybean farming revenue is the lowest than the other farms' revenue, it is very helpful to the farmers for fulfilling the needs of family consumption cost every year. Research Limitations/Implications-The object of this research is to study all the farmers who utilize the land for soybean farming in Muara Batu. The research limitations are income contribution and consumption cost of soybean farmers. Practical Implications-The amount of soybean production produced by farmers is much lower. However, the farmers can still increase their income if the amount of production can be increased by more intensification of soybean farming as tough as the use of superior varieties of soil processing, organic fertilizer on soil, balanced and integrated pest control, and harvesting and post-harvesting to reduce food loses. Originality/Value-The farmers earned revenue not only from soybeans, but also from non-soybean farm and out farm. Soybean farming activities aim to increase revenues in order to meet the needs of the family that consist of food and non-food consumptions.