The multibody dynamics and finite element simulation code has been developed since 1997. In the past years, more than 10 researchers have contributed to certain parts of HOTINT, such as solver, graphical user interface, element library, joint library, finite element functionality and port blocks. Currently, a script-language based version of HOTINT is freely available for download, intended for research, education and industrial applications. The main features of the current available version include objects like point mass, rigid bodies, complex point-based joints, classical mechanical joints, flexible (nonlinear) beams, port-blocks for mechatronics applications and many other features such as loads, sensors and graphical objects. HOTINT includes a 3D graphical visualization showing the results immediately during simulation, which helps to reduce modelling errors. In the present paper, we show the current state and the structure of the code. Examples should demonstrate the easiness of use of HOTINT.
The standard form of Hamilton's principle is only applicable to material control volumes. There exist specialized formulations of Hamilton's principle that are tailored to nonmaterial (open) control volumes. In case of continuous mechanical systems, these formulations contain extra terms for the virtual shift of kinetic energy and the net transport of a product of the virtual displacement and the momentum across the system boundaries. This raises the theoretically and practically relevant question whether there is also a virtual shift of potential energy across the boundary of open systems. To answer this question from a theoretical perspective, we derive various formulations of Hamilton's principle applicable to material and nonmaterial control volumes. We explore the roots and consequences of (virtual) transport terms if nonmaterial control volumes are considered and show that these transport terms can be derived by Reynolds transport theorem. The equations are deduced for both the Lagrangian and the Eulerian description of the particle motion. This reveals that the (virtual) transport terms have a different form depending on the respective description of the particle motion. To demonstrate the practical relevance of these results, we solve an example problem where the obtained formulations of Hamilton's principle are used to deduce the equations of motion of an axially moving elastic tension bar.
A quasi-static model of axially moving steel strips in a continuous hot-dip galvanizing line is presented. The model provides the bending line of the strip and takes into account the history of elasto-plastic deformation. The numerical integration of the material model of elasto-plastic deformation is algorithmically separated from the solution of the boundary value problem of the bending line by pre-computing sets of onedimensional candidate relations between the strip curvature and the bending moment. Using this model, the influence of different roll positions in the zinc bath on the mean displacement of the strip at the gas wiping dies and the maximum lateral curvature of the strip (crossbow) can be efficiently calculated and analyzed.
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