Blastocystis is frequently reported in fecal samples from animals and humans worldwide, and a variety of subtypes (STs) have been observed in wild and domestic animals. In Colombia, few studies have focused on the transmission dynamics and epidemiological importance of Blastocystis in animals. In this study, we characterized the frequency and subtypes of Blastocystis in fecal samples of domestic animals including pigs, minipigs, cows, dogs, horses, goats, sheep, and llama from three departments of Colombia. Of the 118 fecal samples included in this study 81.4% (n = 96) were positive for Blastocystis using a PCR that amplifies a fragment of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. PCR positive samples were sequenced by next generation amplicon sequencing (NGS) to determine subtypes. Eleven subtypes were detected, ten previously reported, ST5 (50.7%), ST10 (47.8%), ST25 (34.3%), ST26 (29.8%), ST21 (22.4%), ST23 (22.4%), ST1 (17.9%), ST14 (16.4%), ST24 (14.9%), ST3 (7.5%), and a novel subtype, named ST32 (3.0%). Mixed infection and/or intra -subtype variations were identified in most of the samples. Novel ST32 was observed in two samples from a goat and a cow. To support novel subtype designation, a MinION based sequencing strategy was used to generate the full-length of the SSU rRNA gene. Comparison of full-length nucleotide sequences with those from current valid subtypes supported the designation of ST32. This is the first study in Colombia using NGS to molecularly characterize subtypes of Blastocystis in farm animals. A great diversity of subtypes was observed in domestic animals including subtypes previously identified in humans. Additionally, subtype overlap between the different hosts examined in this study were observed. These findings highlight the presence of Blastocystis subtypes with zoonotic potential in farm animals indicating that farm animals could play a role in transmission to humans.
Sarcocystosis infection is caused by protozoan cysts of genus Sarcocystis spp. where S. hominis, S. heydorni (bovines) and S. suihominis (porcine) are the most relevant for humans because of their zoonotic potential. S. cruzi, S. suihominis and S. ovicanis represent the most pathogenic species for cattle, pigs and sheep respectively. This infection has a worldwide importance due to its high transmission; besides to represent a zoonosis, it generates great economics losses. The main diagnostic methods for this disease are artificial digestion, PCR, indirect ELISA, and compression analysis. It’s important to highlight few studies on Sarcocystis spp., especially the ones involving the pursuit of effective treatments to control the infection for both humans and animals, however, some studies have reported that treatments such as cotrimoxazole and albendazole with or without prednisone are effective in counteracting symptoms in humans, considering the lack of reports about Sarcocystis spp. prevalence in Colombia.
RESUMENEl objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de Fasciola hepatica en bovinos sacrificados en la planta de beneficio del municipio de Une, Cundinamarca, Colombia. El tamaño muestral fue calculado con base a la tasa de sacrificio de 2013 con 6% de incremento (n=142). Durante el eviscerado se recolectaron distomas adultos del ducto biliar, así como muestras del contenido biliar y materia fecal. En el examen coproparasitológico se empleó la técnica de Ritchie-Frick modificada. La prevalencia de F. hepatica fue 39.4% por presencia de huevos en el contenido biliar, 32.4% por presencia de parásitos adultos en los ductos biliares y 15.5% por presencia de huevos en materia fecal. El valor porcentual de animales positivos por presencia de estadio adulto, así como huevos en bilis y materia fecal, fue de 15.5%.Palabras clave: Fasciola hepatica, estudio transversal, bovinos, trematodo, bilis ABSTRACTThe aim if this study was to determine the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in cattle at the slaughterhouse of the municipality of Une, Cundinamarca, Colombia. Sample size was calculated based on the slaughter rate of 2013 plus 6% increase (n=142). Adult parasites were collected from the biliary duct. Bile and faecal material were also collected.
Introducción. La Rinotraqueítis Infecciosa Bovina (RIB) es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa que afecta principalmente a bovinos y bufalinos, encontrándose ampliamente distribuida a nivel mundial, siendo una de las principales causas de perdidas económica y físicas en las producciones. Objetivo. determinar la prevalencia de la Rinotraqueítis Infecciosa Bovina (BHV-1) en el municipio de Toca, Boyacá. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron 350 muestras de sangre Bovina, las cuales fueron procesadas en el laboratorio de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, mediante un kit comercial de ELISA. Resultados. La prevalencia para IBR, en el municipio de Toca, Boyacá, fue de 65,5%. No se encontró relación significativa con las variables estudiadas como abortos, distocias, no gestantes, repetición de celos, entre otras. Conclusión. La Rinotraqueítis Infecciosa Bovina es una de las principales causas de pérdidas económicas y físicas en las diversas producciones, sin embargo, no siempre es la principal causa de alteraciones reproductivas presentes en los bovinos.
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la presencia de anticuerpos contra Neospora caninum en un hato lechero del municipio de Toca, Colombia. Se tomaron 100 muestras de sangre de bovinos de 1 a 9 años de edad, seleccionados mediante un método aleatorio simple de corte transversal prospectivo. Las muestras de suero fueron procesadas mediante un kit comercial de ELISA indirecta. La seroprevalencia de anticuerpos anti-N. caninum fue de 64%. La asociación entre animales positivos con historia de abortos y número de partos fue estadísticamente significativa (p<0.05), en tanto que la asociación con la edad, estado reproductivo y repetición de celos no fue significativa.<br /><br />
Highlights There is a high distribution of BVDV in the evaluated área. Significant statistical association was found for breed, age, management practices. Age group > 4 years, Normande breed, PI3 and grazing lease were risk factors.
<p>La investigación se llevó a cabo con el objetivo de realizar una determinación serológica de leucosis bovina enzoótica en novillas de levante y vacas adultas. Se recolectaron 100 muestras de sangre de hembras escogidas al azar, pertenecientes a tres fincas del sector La Guafilla, de la vereda Morichal, en Yopal, Casanare, las cuales fueron analizadas para anticuerpos contra el LVB (virus de la Leucosis Viral Bovina); adicionalmente, se obtuvieron 100 muestras de los mismos animales para realización de hemograma, con el fin de observar cambios a nivel sanguíneo de aquellos que resultaran positivos. La técnica serológica empleada fue la prueba de ELISA indirecta. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo tabulando la información con datos de seropositividad y seronegatividad obtenidos de cada animal; los resultados se interpretaron de acuerdo con las variables raza, edad y variaciones del cuadro hemático. Para determinar la relación entre seropositividad y cada una de las variables se utilizó la prueba de Probabilidad de Fisher. Las pruebas arrojaron una seroprevalencia del 15% para LVB. No se encontraron diferencias significativas de prevalencia asociadas a las variables raza, edad o resultados del hemograma (p>=0.05). Se demuestra la presencia del virus LBE en La Guafilla. Se confirma la importancia de implementar un programa de control y prevención de la diseminación de la infección, con el fin de evitar las pérdidas económicas asociadas, y, dentro de lo posible, la eliminación de los animales seropositivos para lograr la erradicación de la infección en esta zona del país.</p>
The ability to identify compositional changes in the intestinal microbiota of parasitized hosts is important for understanding the physiological processes that may affect animal productivity. Within the field of host–parasite interactions, many studies have suggested that helminths can influence the microbial composition of their hosts via their immunomodulatory effects. Bovine fascioliasis is a helminthiasis widely studied by immunologists, but with little information available regarding gut microbial communities. Thus, we aimed to describe the composition of the intestinal microbiota of Holstein Fasciola-positive and -negative cattle using parasitological methods and ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Bovine fecal samples (n = 65) were obtained from livestock slaughter plants in the Cundi-Boyacense Colombian highlands (a hyperendemic region for bovine fascioliasis) and studied by amplicon-based next-generation 16S-rRNA and 18S-rRNA gene sequencing. From these samples, 35 were Fasciola hepatica-negative and, 30 were F. hepatica-positive in our detection analysis. Our results showed a reduction in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Ascomycota in the Fasciola-positive samples, along with decreased relative abundances of the commensal taxa previously associated with fermentation and digestion processes. However, metabolomic approaches and functional analyzes of the intestinal microbiota are necessary to support this hypothesis. These findings are a small first step in the development of research aimed at understanding how microbial populations in bovines are modulated in liver helminth infections.
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