Purpose
This paper aims to study the appearance of drills from one brand by using currently available design tools. It aims to find and discuss the relationship between appearance innovation and maintaining key design features.
Design/methodology/approach
The innovation process is studied on drills of a Czech power tool maker and a previously created concept of a new drill. First, the authors explore the similarities between the designed concept and previous models of the brand by calculating the degree of similarity of given shape features. Second, they capture the drills simple shape grammar and strive to generate a sketch of the concept.
Findings
Results show the use of several similar shape features from previous models in the innovated design. Shape grammar can create a principally similar concept, but some innovations cannot be achieved this way. A description of appearance innovation within brand identity in terms of shape grammar is given.
Research limitations/implications
The research is limited mainly to a small group of previous products that can be analyzed. It is done only for one particular brand identity. When used with the shape grammars, design generation is limited.
Practical implications
Better understanding of the innovative process aids designers in working with designs for brand identity and may serve to shape grammar enhancement.
Originality/value
The paper describes what happens during the innovation of product appearance and implicates enhancement and meaning of design analysis done by shape grammars and exploring similarities.
This study investigates a new two-parameter method for estimating optimal hydrostatic bearing pad proportions. The design of a hydrostatic bearing pad is limited to simple geometry using analytical equations or one-parameter optimization based on experimental data. In this study, 3D static CFD model results were verified using analytical results and experimental data on a hydrostatic bearing testing device. The obtained CFD results for load and pressure show a deviation within 5.2% compared to the experimentally obtained results and the literature. Using the proposed novel two-parameter optimisation, the energetic loss was reduced by 30% compared to the classical one-parameter approach. This methodology allows versatile and effective design of optimal hydrostatic bearings operating in low-speed conditions to achieve minimum energetic loss.
The design of a hydrostatic bearing pad is limited to simple geometry using analytical equations or one-parameter optimization based on experimental data. This study proposes and investigates a new two-parameter method for estimating optimal hydrostatic bearing pad proportions—recess area and position, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). In this study, 3D static CFD quarter model of a multi-recess hydrostatic bearing pad assuming laminar flow is used. The CFD model was calibrated based on experimentally obtained results and the literature. The recess pressure and resulting load are evaluated for a variety of recess positions and areas. Performance factors are calculated and interpolated in the MATLAB environment. Using the proposed novel two-parameter optimization, the energetic loss was reduced by 20% compared to the classical one-parameter approach. This methodology allows versatile and effective design of optimal hydrostatic bearings operating in low-speed conditions to achieve minimum energetic loss.
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