The article provides an overview of the contemporary literature on the social and psychological factors which are associated with migration. Derived from the operationalisation of "migration" and an examination of the methodological peculiarities of migration research, a (transactional) stress model of migration is proposed incorporating potentially stress-eliciting influences of migration including occupational pressures, social isolation and/or family-related problems and their impact on psychological and physical health. There are inconsistencies in the findings regarding psychological health, which can in part be explained through the phenomena of the "healthy migrant effect", duration of stay in the host culture or the culture-specificity. Moreover, a discussion is provided of the extent that disorders associated with differentially stressed migrants will be manifested in the health care system. Finally, concluding remarks are offered together with a short discussion of the implication of these findings for future research and social and health policy decision-making.
Further analytical studies are needed to clarify health differences between these groups. Migrants are a heterogeneous group and only group-specific investigations will clarify associations between countries of origin, health status and use of health care institutions.
This study gives an overview of publications on factors that are associated with the outcome of voice rehabilitation after laryngectomy. A systematic literature review was conducted. Fifty-six manuscripts were analyzed regarding the parameters investigated, the number of participants included, the study designs used, the assessment instruments, and the results. A broad range of factors were considered to contribute to successful voice rehabilitation, whereby psychosocial attributes related to success are mentioned as often as medical and treatment-related characteristics. The results of the studies are mostly inconsistent. It can be concluded, however, that active communication behavior, employment status, type of alaryngeal speech and the general physical condition are associated with rehabilitation outcomes, whereas alcohol consumption is not. More comprehensive prospective studies are needed which analyze the impact of psychosocial factors with validated and standardized instruments. A large sample size would be necessary to calculate all possibly relevant factors and their interaction. Clinicians should be careful about considering their patients to be "unmotivated" if the rehabilitation fails; instead, they should encourage them to communicate actively and take part in social activities.
This is a longitudinal study exploring self‐reported health status and physical symptoms of Russian‐speaking migrants (n = 307) from the states formed after the break up of the Soviet Union. These health status reports were compared with Russians in Russia (n = 300) and non‐immigrant native German test subjects (n = 310). Focus was on the change in subjective evaluation of physical health and adaptation to a new medical health care system as part of the acculturation process following migration. Migrants have more health problems than both the Russians and the native population. In addition to the stress triggered by the critical life event of migration, this finding may also reflect the poorer health status and health care in the countries of origin. In particular, immigrants suffer from headaches and symptoms of exhaustion, which are interpreted as physical correlates of the cognitive overload caused by migration. The subjective state of health of the migrants within the first 18–24 months after arrival (N = 138) showed hardly any changes. However, a high degree of satisfaction with life in the adopted country and an acculturation style distinguished by contact with the host culture correlate to a low level of health problems. The social implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Although the fact that migrants show a lower psychological health status than non-migrants is clearly demonstrated by a lot of studies, the connection between migration conditions and psychological health status is seldom analyzed. To close this lack of research 140 Polish and 82 Vietnamese migrants in Leipzig were examined by the anxiety- and depression scale of the HADS and more over asked questions about their cognitive, social, occupational, identificative assimilation status and their perceived discrimination. Both migrant groups showed a higher level of depressive and anxious symptoms than Germans. In regression analyzes only social assimilation and perceived discrimination had a significant influence, language skills and structural (occupational) assimilation could not explain depression or anxiety, but there were differences in regression models between both groups. Beside problems in operationalization, different migrant biographies and structural conditions have to be discussed as reason for these results.
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